277 S.Th. Rassia and P.M. Pardalos (eds.), Sustainable Environmental Design in Architecture: Impacts on Health, Springer Optimization and Its Applications 56, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0745-5_17, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract This chapter summarizes the restoration–preservation of two large marble statues – those of Athena and Apollo – which decorate for the last 130 years the forefront of the main building of the Academy of Athens. Each statue rests atop a 13.65-m tall multi-drum marble column. Our study initially focuses on the restora- tion of the marble surfaces of the statues and their bases due to atmospheric pollution which has increased significantly during the last 20 years. Subsequently, the chapter presents the fundamental elements of the seismic response analysis and protection of the statue-multi-drum column system. 17.1 Introduction During recent years, there has been increasing interest for the restoration and preservation of monuments that reflect the cultural heritage of the European Union which have suffered from environmental hazards (i.e., earthquakes, floods, fire) including environmental pollution. Modern techniques/technologies have been developed towards this direction which involve the use of materials compatible with the monuments’ structural characteristics (i.e., material, construction type and age, vulnerability, etc.), either from ancient or more recent times. The period of architectural neoclassicism coincides historically with the estab- lishment of the Greek State during the second half of the nineteenth century. Architectural neoclassicism was widely adopted in Athens and thereafter in other A. Kounadis (*) Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece e-mail: kounadis@bioacademy.gr N. Makris Structures and Applied Mechanics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece e-mail: nmakris@upatras.gr Chapter 17 Restoration–Preservation in an Urban Environment and Seismic Stability of the Statues of Athena and Apollo Along the Forefront of the Academy of Athens Antonios Kounadis and Nikolaos Makris