Feature Article
A Critical Praxis: Narrowing the
Gap Between Identity, Theory,
and Practice
LAUREL WALLER
KINSEY WETHERS
PETER I. DE COSTA
Michigan State University
Praxis is the balance of pedagogical theory and practice. This lit-
erature review explores praxis from a critical lens in terms of
identity for both students and teachers. The authors center their
framework on Hawkins and Norton’s (2009) five principles for
critical language teaching. The first principle relates to the situ-
ated nature of the program and practices, which involves con-
textualizing the plot and the characters of the classroom.
Second, responsiveness to learners encourages teachers to iden-
tify students’ multiple identities and allow them to experiment
with these. Third, dialogic engagement is the discussion of iden-
tity in the classroom. Fourth, reflexivity requires teachers to
examine their practices and the ideologies that guide their
beliefs about second language acquisition and learning. Fifth,
praxis combines all of these elements to create and harmonize a
critical classroom. The article ends with a call for teacher train-
ing that incorporates these principles to better assist English lan-
guage learners.
doi: 10.1002/tesj.256
The field of second language acquisition (SLA) tends to focus
on theoretical and methodological frameworks such as language
socialization as well as task-based and pedagogical approaches in
order to enhance language learning processes. At the center of
mainstream SLA is the examination of cognitive processes such as
input processing, skill acquisition, and interaction, which
characterize language learning (VanPatten & Williams, 2014).
Though significant, zooming in only on cognitive processes has
TESOL Journal 0.0, xxxx 2016 1
© 2016 TESOL International Association