BRIEF REPORT
Psychometric Characteristics of the Emotional Quotient Inventory, Youth
Version, Short Form, in Hungarian High School Students
Bernadette Kun
Eötvös Lora ´nd University and
National Institute for Drug Prevention, Budapest, Hungary
Ro ´bert Urba ´n
Eötvös Lora ´nd University and
Smoking Cessation Centre, Budapest, Hungary
Borba ´la Paksi
Corvinus University of Budapest
Lujza Varga ´ne ´ Cso ´bor
Zalaegerszeg County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
Attila Ola ´h and Zsolt Demetrovics
Eötvös Lora ´nd University
Research on the psychometric characteristics, including factor structure, of measures assessing emotional
intelligence improve our understanding of the manifest and latent dimensions of the construct. The factor
structure of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar-On, 1997), despite the popularity of the
measure, has been the subject of only a few studies, and there are no data available at all on its 30-item
version. The aim of our study was the structural analysis of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory,
Youth Version, Short Form (Bar-On & Parker, 2000). During the multiple-step statistical analysis,
confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses and a combined method of these were executed on a sample
of 2,380 adolescents (mean age: 17 years, 47.9 % male). The results confirmed the original 5-factor
structure (Intrapersonal Emotional Quotient, Interpersonal Emotional Quotient, Stress Management,
Adaptability, and Positive Impression). However, only 24 of the original 30 items could be considered
as belonging to the scales. Elimination of 6 items resulted in a clearer and more coherent factorial
structure, which makes the measure an adequate tool for the assessment of the emotional intelligence of
adolescents and young adults in surveys of large-scale samples.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, measurement, factor structure, exploratory and confirmatory factor
analysis
Emotional intelligence is a relatively new construct, receiving
growing interest as it is associated with successful problem solv-
ing, adaptive ways of coping, good academic results, extended
interpersonal relationships, better physical and mental health, and
moderate substance use (Kun & Demetrovics, 2010; Martinez-
Pons, 1997; Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 1999; Parker, Summer-
feldt, Hogan, Majeski, & Saklofske, 2004; Salovey, Bedell, Det-
weiler, & Mayer, 1999; Tsaousis & Nikolaou, 2005). The
construct was defined first by Salovey and Mayer (1989 –1990),
who later modified their early concept to a four-branch model of
emotional intelligence: (a) the perception, appraisal, and expres-
sion of emotions; (b) the emotional facilitation of thinking; (c)
understanding and analyzing emotions and employing emotional
knowledge; and (d) the regulation of emotions (Mayer & Salovey,
1997). On the basis of this emotional intelligence model, several
performance-based operationalizations were developed (e.g.,
This article was published Online First October 17, 2011.
Bernadette Kun, Institutional Group on Addiction Research, Institute of
Psychology, Eötvös Lora ´nd University, Budapest, Hungary, and National
Institute for Drug Prevention, Budapest, Hungary; Ro ´bert Urba ´n, Depart-
ment of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eöt-
vös Lora ´nd University, and Smoking Cessation Centre, Budapest, Hun-
gary; Borba ´la Paksi, Center of Behavior Research, Corvinus University of
Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; Lujza Varga ´ne ´ Cso ´bor, Drug Outpatient
Center, Zalaegerszeg County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary; Attila
Ola ´h, Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psy-
chology, Eötvös Lora ´nd University; Zsolt Demetrovics, Institutional Group
on Addiction Research, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Lora ´nd University.
Bernadette Kun acknowledges the financial support of the Ministry of
Social Affairs and Labor. Zsolt Demetrovics acknowledges the financial
support of the Ja ´nos Bolyai Research Fellowship by the Hungarian Acad-
emy of Sciences. This work was supported by the Hungarian Scientific
Research Fund (Grant 83884). The project was also supported by the
European Union and the European Social Fund under Grant Agreement
TA
´
MOP 4.2.1./B-09/1/KMR-2010-0003.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Zsolt
Demetrovics, Eötvös Lora ´nd University, Institute of Psychology, Institu-
tional Group on Addiction Research, P.O. Box 179, H-1580 Budapest,
Hungary. E-mail: demetrovics@t-online.hu
Psychological Assessment © 2011 American Psychological Association
2012, Vol. 24, No. 2, 518 –523 1040-3590/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0026013
518
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