1
! " # $ "
%&&’ (%&&’ )%&&’ )%&&
!"
#
! !
" !
! "
!
$ $ %& ’("
) *
!
! " +
,
-. /!/ 0
// //
!
"
" 1 !
!
%2 3(" 4 !
!
%5("
)
%6("
"
! ! !
$"
$ !
! !
$ " 7
"
!
$ !
! *
"
8$" & ! !
⊗" ⊗
" 1
"
* * *
⊗ = = →
→
- , - ,
( & 9 % ( & 9 % ,&-
# ! !0
! !
" !
" &5 ,!- !
) &"
! , 8$"’-"
1 :
&5
#" ) $
! ;< . =
+ ( < =
+ ’
>&
( ," 7
-.
.
/
&
p = 1: 0 1
p = 2: 2 3 2 1
p = 3: 6 7 6 5 2 3 2 5
p = 4: 14 15 14 13 10 11 10 13 6 7 6 5 10 11 10 5
p = 5: 30 31 30 29 26 27 26 29 22 23 22 21 26 27 26 21 14 15
14 13 10 11 10 13 22 23 22 21 10 11 10 21
p = 5: 62 63 62 61 58 59 58 61 54 55 54 53 58 59 58 53 46 47
46 45 42 43 42 45 54 55 54 53 42 43 42 53 30 31 30 29 26 27 26
29 22 23 22 21 26 27 26 21 46 47 46 45 42 43 42 45 22 23 22 21
42 43 42 21
.........................................................................................................
p = 1: 0 1
p = 2: 0 3 0 1
p = 3: 0 7 0 1 0 3 0 1
p = 4: 0 15 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 3 0 1
p = 5: 0 31 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 15 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 7 0 1
0 3 0 1
⊗
2
’
&
9
?%9 ’
@
*&(0 =
2
’
&
9
∈??%9 2(
∈ %9 &(
"
) ,9 &- = 9 ⊗ & =
’
,9 ;< &-"
Figure 1. The operation ⊗ represented by a
table
- - -, -"""""""", ,, - """""" ,
( & 9 % ( & 9 %
9 9 & & ’ ’ & 9 & &
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
⊗ ⊗ ⊗ =
→
- - -
,’-