1152 Accepted by S. Carranza: 20 Jan. 2006; published: 17 Mar. 2006 45 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 1152: 45–58 (2006) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ A new species of Dendrobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Amazonian lowlands in Perú JASON L. BROWN 1 , RAINER SCHULTE 2 , KYLE SUMMERS 1 1 East Carolina University, Department of Biology, Greenville NC, 27858. E-mail: jlb0627d2@mail.ecu.edu 2 INIBICO, Tarapoto, San Martín, Perú Abstract We describe a new species of poison frog from Amazonian Peru. Dendrobates uakarii, sp. nov. is distinguished by the presence of paired parallel dorsolateral lines: one yellow oblique lateral and one red dorsolateral (on each flank), with one vertebral line, similar in color to the dorsolateral lines. Phylogenetic analysis show that D. uakarii, sp. nov. and closely related taxa (D. ventrimaculatus sp. aff. Shreve from Porto Walter, Brazil and another from Amazonas, Brazil) form the sister group to D. fantasticus Boulenger. This new species can be distinguished from its sister taxa on the basis of 19 unique mitochondrial gene nucleotide site substitutions. Comparisons between closely related species show a slight difference in call repetition rate and mean frequency. Key words: Dendrobates, duellmani, uakarii, Amazonia, Peru, new species, taxonomy Introduction Amphibian species richness and endemism in the upper Amazon basin of Peru are extraordinarily high (Duellman and Mendelson 1995), as exemplified by the dendrobatid frogs inhabiting this area (e.g., Silverstone 1976; Schulte 1999; Vences et al. 2000). Over 40 species are currently known from Amazonian Peru (Morales 1995; Schulte 1999; Vences et al. 2000), which make up about 20% of the total number of dendrobatids desrcibed (cf. Glaw and Kohler 1998). The members of the genus Dendrobates have long been considered to be comprised of at least three species groups that represent valid evolutionary entities: tinctorius group (Silverstone 1975 as modified by Myers and Daly 1979), histrionicus group (Myers et al. 1984) and quinquevittatus group (Caldwell and Myers 1990). In recent years there have been numerous phylogenetic investigations studying the evolutionary histories of these groups (Clough and Summers, 2000; Symula et al., 2003; Vences et al. 2003; Roberts et al. 2006; Noonan and Wray 2006). These analysis revealed that many members of the quinquevittatus group are complexes of species displaying a high level of sequence