Intellectual Property Issues in Heritage Management— Part 1: Challenges and Opportunities Relating to Appropriation, Information Access, Bioarchaeology, and Cultural Tourism George Nicholas Archaeology Department, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 nicholas@sfu.ca Catherine Bell, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H5 cbell@law.ualberta.ca Kelly Bannister, POLIS Project on Ecological Governance, University of Victoria PO Box 3050, University House 4, University of Victoria Victoria, BC V8W 3R4 kel@uvic.ca Sven Ouzman Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Pretoria, Tshwane, 0002, South Africa Sven.Ouzman@up.ac.za Jane Anderson Institute for Law and Society, School of Law, New York University New York, New York, USA ipandtk@gmail.com What is heritage?: a pictograph?: a photograph of the same pictograph in a scientific journal?; the traditional songs, stories, and beliefs that still may be associated with that image?; or the image of the pictograph on a t-shirt? How is “heritage” conceived of in today’s digital and multicultural world, especially considering that the line between tangible and intangible cultural property is often blurred or non-existent. And how do the meanings associated with “heritage” differ among cultural descendants and archaeologists in various cultural contexts and legal