RIASSUNTO
Evoluzione tettonica delle unità Dorsale Calcaire, Pre-Dorsalian e
Massylian nell'area di Chefchaouen (Rif settentrionale, Marocco)
In questo lavoro è presentata l'analisi strutturale delle successioni bacinali
e di piattaforma calcarea affioranti nell’area di Chefchaouen (Rif
settentrionale). L'analisi ha permesso la ricostruzione della storia tettonica delle
successioni studiate, caratterizzata dalla sovrapposizione di più fasi
deformative. Le prime due fasi sono associate al sovrascorrimento, vergente a
SW, della Dorsale Calcaire sulle unità Pre-Dorsalian e Massylian, registrata
come deformazione progressiva nelle successioni poste a letto. La terza fase è
contraddistinta da un raccorciamento diretto NW-SE, mentre le ultime due fasi
sono caratterizzate da faglie trascorrenti e normali che deformano l'intera pila
tettonica.
KEY WORDS: deformation, Flysch Basin, folding, structural
analysis, thrusting
INTRODUCTION
The analyzed area, located close to the Chefchaouen village in
the western Rif Chain (northern Morocco), is characterized by
the tectonic superposition of the Dorsale Calcaire Unit onto
basin successions of the Pre-Dorsalian and Massylian units (
e.g. DE CAPOA et alii, 2004; ZAGHLOUL et alii, 2003). Such a
superposition occurs along a ca. 90 km long thrust segment
running from Sebta to Chefchaouen (this being separated from
an eastern segment by the Jebha transfer fault).
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Hanging-wall carbonates of the Dorsale Calcaire Unit form a
large, SW verging ramp anticline with associated parasitic
folds. Pre-buckle thrusts also occur as well as a disjunctive,
spaced cleavage. Theoretical fold π-axis calculated form
stereographic projections of poles to bedding, meso-scale fold
hinges, pre-buckle thrusts and meso-scale thrusts are all
compatible with ENE-WSW shortening.
Intense deformation characterizes the pre-Dorsalian succession
located in the footwall, with a marked strain gradient toward
the tectonic contact. The latter is accompanied by a few
hundreds of meters-thick deformation zone including both
ductile and brittle structures. D1 early structures consist of
macro- to meso-scale, close isoclinal to close folds with
associated, in pelitic levels, a rare crenulation cleavage and a
crenulation lineation. These structures are deformed by mainly
SE verging, D2-related thrust faults. Both carbonates and
argillites along the regional tectonic contact are cut by late, SW
dipping shear bands. Generally the whole Pre-Dorsalian
succession is affected by D2-related, late, extensional shear
planes orthogonal to the tectonic transport. A strong boudinage
produced in several zones, the total bedding disruption, giving
often to the whole succession the characters of a tectonic
mélange. Subsequent shortening is recorded by D
3
-related,
mainly NW verging thrust faults with associated S-C
structures.
The Massylian succession, located in the footwall to the pre-
Dorsalian Unit, is characterized by superposed deformation
with an intensity increasing toward the tectonic contact. The
first deformation phase (D
1
) produced tight to isoclinal folds
accompanied by a pervasive axial plane cleavage in pelitic
rocks and a spaced convergent foliation in the more competent
layers. Parasitic folds are common, as well as thrust faults and
pre-buckle thrusts affecting competent layers embedded in
pelites. Frequent high-deformation zones, especially where
pelites are dominant, show isoclinal (D
1
) intrafolial folds and
an associated severe boudinage that, similarly to the Pre-
Dorsalian succession, locally produced a tectonic mélange. The
subsequent deformation stage (D
2
) is recorded by open to close
Tectonic evolution of the Dorsale Calcaire, Pre-Dorsalian and
Massylian units in the Chefchaouen area (Northern Rif, Morocco)
FRANCESCO D'ASSISI TRAMPARULO (*), BILAL EL OUARAGLI (**), STEFANO VITALE (*) & NAJIB MOHAMMED
ZAGHLOUL (**)
Fig. 1 –Panoramic view of Chefchouaen area.
_________________________
(*) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Napoli Federico II,
Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138, Napoli.
(**) Department of Earth Sciences, F.S.T.-Tangier, University of
Abdelmalek Essaadi, Morocco
Rend. online Soc. Geol. It., Vol. 22 (2012), pp. 223-224, 1 figg.
© Società Geologica Italiana, Roma 2012
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