1 Modeling the Impacts of Alternative Emission Trading Schemes on International Shipping KUN WANG Sauder School of Business The University of British Columbia E-mail: kun.wang@sauder.ubc.ca XIAOWEN FU Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies The University of Sydney E-mail: xiaowen.fu@sydney.edu.au MEIFENG LUO* Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies The Hong Kong Polytechnic University E-mail: meifeng.luo@polyu.edu.hk; Tel: 852-27667414 *Corresponding Author This is author’s copy of the paper published by Transportation Research Part A 77 (2015) 35-49, DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.006