Special Issue 1 February 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 523 The Comparative Study of the Intellectual, Behavioral, and Objective Scopes in the "Muslims' City" with the Principles of the "Islamic City" Hamid Fakhimzade Young Researchers and Elite Club, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin ,Iran Somayyeh Beyki Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Payame Noor University (PNU), I.R., Iran Elham Darban Rezaee Department of Art and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Shabani Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Payame Noor University (PNU), I.R., Iran Abstract The study and research in the basics of the Islamic city in Islam and its application is one of the issues of identity featuring an Islamic city. The research’s aim is to study the changes in the city components (objective, intellectual, and behavioral aspects) with regard to Islamic urbanization principles emanating from Islamic laws and recommendations of Quran, the Prophet and the imams' tradition and lifestyle, law, jurisprudence, consensus, and the study of morphologic structure of the Muslims' historical cities. The research is analytical and comparative, and comparative and descriptive analysis methods were used to study, evaluate, and analyze. In this research, the middle texture of Birjand city, as a model of Muslims' historical city, and the new developments around the central core, as a model of a modern and "Tehran-like" city were selected as a case study so that the main changes in two components of the city, i.e. the mosque and the market, are evaluated. In the other part, the changes of people's life style which have been manifested in their beliefs and behavior were evaluated and analyzed regarding four aspects; faith, emotional, consequential, and ritual using a questionnaire. The statistical population was 361 people of the two resident types of urban context. The result of the research showed that the characteristics of the skeleton items of the historical context is closer to the principles of the Islamic city, and the residents of the historical context of Birjand commit to the religious orders more in terms of the ritual and the consequential aspects, although there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of faith and emotional aspects. Keywords: Islamic city, lifestyle, mosque, market, Birjand.