Three new species of Cardamine L. (Brassicaceae) have recently been described from China (Al-Shehbaz, 2000), and as many as 48 species have been recognized in that country (Zhou et al., 2001). With the clarification of a previously misunderstood species, C. fallax (O. E. Schulz) Nakai (Marhold et al., 2007), and the description of the novelty C. tianqingiae Al- Shehbaz & Boufford below, the total number of species of Cardamine in China now stands at 50. Cardamine tianqingiae Al-Shehbaz & Boufford, sp. nov. TYPE: CHINA. Gansu Province. Wen Xian: Motianling Shan, Baishui Jiang Nature Reserve, vicinity of town of Fanba, upstream from Muxüba, 32˚41'59"N, 104˚53'51"E, 1130– 1250 m, remnant mixed deciduous forest with Acer, Styrax, Sinowilsonia, Ulmus, Juglans, Pterocarya, Castanea, Cornus controversa, C. kousa, Cercis, etc., gravelly river margin, 10 May 2007, David E. Boufford, Qing Tian, Z. Y. Zhang&Y.Jia37546 (Holotype: PE; Isotypes: A, GAUF, MO). Fig. 1. Herba perennis rhizomata, 10–20 cm alta, caulibusglabris,flexuosis.Rhizofolianon-rosu- lata, pinnata, 5–7-foliolata, ciliata; petiolis 3–6 mm longis, adaxialiter pilosis; foliola termina- lia suborbiculata vel late ovata, 5-lobata vel-dentata,3–7 × 3–10mm,ciliata,petiolulibus 3–6 mm longa; foliola lateralia ovata vel subdeltata, 1–4 × 0.5–3.0 mm; folia caulina distalia petiolata, glabra, non-auriculate, 5–7- foliolata;foliolalineariavelfiliformia,1.5–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm, sessilia. Racemi ebracteati, rhachidibusflexuosi;pedicellifloriferirecurvati; pedicellifructiferirecti,divaricato-adscendenti, 0.7–1.4 cm longi. Sepala ovata, 1.5–2.0 mm longa, glabra; petala alba, obovata, 4–5 × 2.0– 2.2 mm; filamentae medianae 3–4 mm longae, non-complanatae. Fructus lineares, 1.3–2.0 cm × ca. 0.8 mm, glabri; stylo 2–3 mm longo. Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 10–20 cm tall, sparsely pilose on lowermost leaves with simple trichomes 0.15–0.30 mm long. Rhizomes thin, 0.5–1.0 mm broad. Stems ascending, branched above, glabrous, flexuous. Rhizomal leaves not rosulate, pinnately compound, 5–7-foliolate; petiole 3–6 mm long, ciliate, pilose adaxially; terminal leaflet 5-lobed or toothed, suborbicular to broadly ovate in outline, 3–7 × 3–10 mm, dis- tinctly larger than lateral leaflets, ciliate, peti- olule 3–6 mm long; lateral leaflets ovate to subdeltoid, 1–4 × 0.5–3.0 mm, entire or obscurely 1- or 2-toothed, ciliate, petiolule 0.1– 1.0 mm long. Lowermost cauline leaves 5–11- foliolate, adaxially sparsely pilose along rachis or glabrous, terminal lobe entire or subapically 3-toothed; uppermostcaulineleaves 5–7 foliolate; CARDAMINE TIANQINGIAE (BRASSICACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1 AND DAVID E. BOUFFORD 2 Abstract. Cardamine tianqingiae (Brassicaceae), a new species from Gansu Province, China, is described and illustrated. Characters that distinguish it from the closely related C. caroides are discussed. Keywords: Brassicaceae, Cardamine, Gansu Province, China Cardaminetianqingiae was collected during field investigations in Wen Xian, southern Gansu Province, China (Boufford et al., 2007). Field work in Gansu was made possible by staff members from the Institute of Botany, Beijing, and especially through the help and kindness of Drs. JIA Yu and ZHANG Zhiyun, who invited one of us (D. E. B.) to participate in the expedition. Funding was provided by grants from the National Geographic Society (grant no. 8101-06) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KSCXZ-SW-1350), both to Professor to LI Liangqian, whom we also thank. Professor SUN Xue-gang of the College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, provided advice and help in preparation for the trip to Wen Xian. We are grateful to Gustavo Romero and Donna Tremonte for their editorial advice. 1 Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. E-mail: ihsan.al-shehbaz@mobot.org. 2 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. E-Mail: david_boufford@ harvard.edu. Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2008, pp. 89–91. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2008.