Lake whitefish feeding habits and condition in
Lake Michigan
Kelly-Anne Fagan
1
, Marten A. Koops
2
, Michael T. Arts
3
,
Trent M. Sutton
4
, Michael Power
1
*
with 3 figures and 5 tables
Abstract: Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) have experienced declines in condition in some
areas of the Great Lakes. The hypothesis tested was that condition—in terms of relative weight, percent
lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—was greater in regions where larger proportions of high quality
prey (e.g., Diporeia) were included in the diet. Samples of spawning lake whitefish from four regions
around Lake Michigan (northwest, Naubinway, Elk Rapids and southeast) had distinct mean carbon
and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. Lake whitefish may be using a variety of prey items, especially
the Naubinway population where fish occupy the largest stable isotopic niche space. However, trophic
niche width inferred from stable isotopes did not vary among regions. Relative weight was highest in
the southeast and lowest for all northern regions. The mean measured lipid from lake whitefish dorsal,
skinless, muscle biopsies were highest for northwest fish. DHA was significantly different among
regions, with high mean values in Elk Rapids and the northwest. No correlations were found between
stable isotope measures and condition metrics. The results suggest that lake whitefish are coping with
declining Diporeia abundances by feeding on alternate prey. Overall results do not substantiate the
hypothesis of a relationship between condition and prey use, although lake whitefish from Elk Rapids
and the northwest had high quality prey and good condition.
Keywords: Lake Michigan, whitefish.
Authors’ addresses:
1
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1
ON, Canada.
2
Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867
Lakeshore Road, Burlington, L7R 4A6 ON, Canada.
3
National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, PO Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Road,
Burlington, L7R 4A6 ON, Canada.
4
University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.
2
Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Ulan-Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033.
* Corresponding author, e-mails: m3power@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca
1612-166X/12/0063-0399 $ 4.25
© 2012 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
Advanc. Limnol. 63, p. 399–415
Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes – 2008