294 © 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim wileyonlinelibrary.com full papers 1. Introduction After billions of years of evolution, nature has become a school for scientists and engineers. Learning from nature has long been a source of bio-inspiration for human beings in the design and construction of multifunctional materials. [1–3] In the last few decades, a great variety of biomaterials has been Peanut Leaf Inspired Multifunctional Surfaces Shuai Yang, Jie Ju, Yuchen Qiu, Yaxu He, Xiaolin Wang, Shixue Dou, Kesong Liu,* and Lei Jiang investigated. [4–7] These biomaterials are found to possess multifunctional integration arising from their inherent mul- tiscale structures. [8–10] Nowadays, optimized biological solu- tions are being reformulated to create bio-inspired advanced multifunctional materials. [11–14] Lotus grows in muddy swamps and ponds, but the plant's leaves are seemingly never dirty. This is because water droplets falling onto the leaves bead up, roll freely in all directions and then pick up dirt particles, resulting in the so-called self-cleaning effect or the lotus effect. [15–17] The cooperation of hydrophobic epicuticular wax and multiscale structures with randomly dis- tributed micropapillae covered by branch-like nanostructures gives rise to the superhydrophobicity with a small sliding angle. Inspired by the lotus leaf, a great number of man-made mate- rials with self-cleaning property and corrosion resistance have been fabricated through different synthesis strategies. [18–23] In addition to superhydrophobic surfaces with low adhe- sion, surfaces with superhydrophobicity and high adhesion simultaneously have also attracted much attention, such as natural rose petal and artificial patterned paper surface with anisotropic adhesion [24] or even surfaces with tunable adhesion. [25,26] Here, inspired by a typical xerophate peanut ( Arachis hypogaea), which survives in arid and semi-arid regions characterized by high temperature and low rainfall, we discovered that the peanut leaves are superhydrophobic and highly adhesive. Through comparing the lotus leaf with the peanut leaf, it is observed that the sliding behavior of DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301029 Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers to design and construct multifunctional artificial materials. The lotus and the peanut are two typical plants living in the aquatic and the arid (or semiarid) habitats, respectively, which have evolved different optimized solutions to survive. For the lotus leaf, an air layer is formed between its surface and water, exhibiting a discontinuous three-phase contact line, which resulted in the low adhesive superhydrophobic self-cleaning effect to avoid the leaf decomposition. In contrast to the lotus leaf, the peanut leaf shows high- adhesive superhydrophobicity, arising from the formation of the quasi-continuous and discontinuous three-phase contact line at the microscale and nanoscale, respectively, which provides a new avenue for the fabrication of high adhesive superhydrophobic materials. Further, this high adhesive and superhydrophobic peanut leaf is proved to be efficient in fog capture. Inspired by the peanut leaf, multifunctional surfaces with structural similarity to the natural peanut leaf are prepared, exhibiting simultaneous superhydrophobicity and high adhesion towards water. Superhydrophobic Materials S. Yang, Y. He, Prof. K. Liu, Prof. L. Jiang Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Environment Beihang University Beijing, 100191, PR China E-mail: liuks@buaa.edu.cn J. Ju, Prof. L. Jiang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Beijing, 100190, PR China Y. Qiu College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun, 130012, PR China Prof. X. Wang, Prof. S. Dou Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia small 2014, 10, No. 2, 294–299