444 Ethnomedicinal Plants Chapter 16 Combining Ethnobotany and Informatics to Discover Knowledge from Data Jitendra Gaikwad, 1 Karen Wilson, 2 Jim Kohen, 3 Subramanyam Vemulpad, 4 Joanne Jamie 5 and Shoba Ranganathan 6 Introduction Mankind has relied on plants since time immemorial, as a source of food, clothing, fuel, shelter and primary health care. The study of the complex interactions between plants and humans is described as ‘ethnobotany’, a term coined by Harshberger in 1895 (Harshberger 1896). Ethnobotany has evolved as an interdisciplinary area incorporating data from disciplines such as chemistry, anthropology, ecology, environmental sciences, geography, 1 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail: jgaikwad@science.mq.edu.au 2 National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. E-mail: karen.wilson@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail: jim.kohen@mq.edu.au 4 Department of Chiropractic, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail: subramanyam.vemulpad@mq.edu.au 5 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail: joanne.jamie@mq.edu.au 6 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. E-mail: shoba.ranganathan@mq.edu.au      