3.1 Discourse Fragments and the Notion ‘Topic’ This part try to explain about a fragment of a sentence and word chunk can lead people to know where the sentence goes or where the sentence begin and where its end. From the chunk of a word also, we can mark the kind of the discourse. Is it the mark of joking, anecdote, sentence for clarifying, asking etc. For example: The word “once upon a time” can be mark as the beginning of a narrative story of fairy, sometimes we can mark that this story will be end with the fragment “they lived happily ever after” 3.2, 3.3 Discourse Topic and Sentence Topic What is Topic? According to Nunan (1993: 125). Topic is “the subject matter of a text.” The concept of topic is elusive; different scholars use it to refer to different phenomena, from a constituent of a clause to proposition of a text. Based on those definitions above, generally we can conclude that topic is what is being talked about in discourse. The notion of topic is used in different ways. One important distinction is the one between Discourse topic (what a part of a discourse is about) and sentence topic (what is predicated about an entity in a sentence). (cf. van Dijk 1977). Example: (1) Mr. Morgan is a careful researcher and a knowledgeable Semitists, but his originality leaves something to be desired. - Sentence topic: Mr. Morgan. - Discourse topic: Mr. Morgan’s scholarly abilities. Approaches to Sentence Topics Classical definition in Hockett (1958):