ISSN 2039-2117 (online) ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy Vol.5 No.22 September 2014 493 Effectiveness and/or equity in the education system in Romania. A comparative analysis Gabriela Neagu Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romania gabi.neagu@iccv.ro DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n22p493 Abstract The most importnat objectives of education systems aim to ensure equity and equal opportunities in education for all members of society and the highest level of effectiveness of education. So far no education system can not support it achieved these goals some are closer, others far removed from their achievement. Also, although the ideal would be for a high level of effectiveness is associated with a high degree of equity and equality before education for all members of society, in reality, there are many situations where equity and efficiency not found in the same education system. In this paper we propose to determine the position and situation of the education system in Romania in terms of efficiency, equity and equality in the face of education. For this, we use a set of indicators and results of various national and international assessment tests attended and Romanian students. Keywords: system of indicators, equity, efficiency, equality, PISA Introduction Public education history, is the earth and the history of concerns to find solutions through which education systems to become equity and efficiency for all members of society they belong to. The nearly two centuries of common history have not been sufficient to resolve this problem since no education system can hardly claim has identified a solution or a way to become equity and efficiency for all. On the other hand, as the degree of complexity of the society in general and of the systems of education in particular has increased, equity and efficiency in education have become two objectives implementation of which seems more and more distant. Between his satisfaction seeking a "solution-miracle" - democratization of education at all levels - and disheartening conclusion of Bourdieu's - school, place of social breeding (P. Bourdieu apud Mahler, 1975), there are countless theories, perspectives of analysis, proposals for the reduction of disparities between individuals, groups or individuals as regards equity and efficiency in education etc. According to the context of socio-economic, political, cultural etc. some education systems have managed to achieve a high level of equity and/or the efficiency of while others have still big problems to ensure a minimum level of education for all members of society. Between inequitable/ineffective absolute - equity/efficiency full, education systems occupy different positions. Setting as much as possible in the position he occupies a system of education in relation to both its own targets and by comparison with the other systems in this range requires an integrated approach developed and complex. Method Theme equity and efficiency in education may be analyzed by means of both the call to quantitative methods and qualitative methods. Given the objective set out but also data which we have we will call to the analysis of secondary data. Secondary analysis of quantitative data is a method of research frequently used and which shall consist of the analysis of the data from previous research which have had their problems in the center of education in general and on the equity and efficiency of education, in particular.