Activity and home range of Testudo hermanni
in Northern Italy
Stefano Mazzotti
1
, Anna Pisapia
2
, Mauro Fasola
2
1
Museo di Storia Naturale, Via De Pisis 24, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
e-mail: conszool@comune.fe.it
2
Dipartimento Biologia Animale, Università, Piazza Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Abstract. We describe the behavioral adaptations of a population of Hermann’s tortoise to the climate of a
northern sector of its range, and to a wooded biotope that is uncommon for the species. The activity, the home
range, and the thermal relations along the daily and the yearly cycle are described. In contrast to other populations
that have bimodal activity peaking in spring and in autumn, the tortoises in our study area had unimodal seasonal
activity that can be related to lower summer temperatures. Home range size, 7.4 ha for females and 4.6 ha for
males in our study area, was from three to seven times larger than that of all other populations. The large home
range, and the low population density of the tortoises in our study area, may be due to food scarcity in the wooded
habitat.
Introduction
Reptiles are conditioned by environmental factors, especially temperature that inuences
their metabolism and activity (Swingland and Fraizer, 1980; Meek and Jayes, 1982; Meek
and Avery, 1988; Parmenter and Avery, 1990; Diaz-Paniagua et al., 1995), although most
species may also control their body temperature through behavioral and physiological
mechanisms (Huey, 1982; Sturbaum, 1982; Gavaud, 1987). Several studies have shown
that thermal relations strongly inuence the behavior and ecology of Hermann’s tortoise
Testudo hermanni (Hailey et al., 1984; Meek, 1984, 1988; Pulford et al., 1984; Chelazzi
and Calzolai,1986;Panagiotaand Valakos,1992;Carretero et al., 1995;Huot-Daubremont
et al., 1996; Huot-Daubremont and Grenot, 1997; Mazzotti and Vallini, 1999). Long-term
research on the movement patterns and homing behaviour of Hermann’s tortoise (Chelazzi
and Francisci, 1979) have shown that these tortoises stay within a stable home range, whose
size varies seasonally (Calzolai and Chelazzi, 1991).
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2002 Amphibia-Reptilia 23: 305-312
Also available online - www.brill.nl