61
Journal of Marketing
Vol. 71 (April 2007), 61–78
© 2007, American Marketing Association
ISSN: 0022-2429 (print), 1547-7185 (electronic)
S. Sriram, Subramanian Balachander, & Manohar U. Kalwani
Monitoring the Dynamics of Brand
Equity Using Store-Level Data
Management of brand equity has come to be viewed as critical to a brand’s optimal long-term performance. The
authors evaluate the usefulness of brand equity estimates obtained from store-level data for monitoring the health
of a brand.They use a random coefficients logit demand model calibrated on store-level scanner data to track brand
equity estimates over time in two consumer packaged goods categories that experienced several new product
introductions during the period of the empirical investigation. Using these tracked measures, the authors also study
the impact of marketing actions, such as advertising, sales promotions, and product innovations, on brand equity.
They find that the brand equity estimates effectively capture the high equity of strongly positioned popular brands
and brands that command a significant price premium in niche markets. Using an example, the authors illustrate
how these brand equity estimates can be used to monitor changes in brand equity, which measures such as market
share may fail to capture. The substantive results indicate that advertising has a positive effect on brand equity in
both the product categories, whereas the effect of sales promotions is not significant in either category.
Furthermore, the results reveal that new product innovations have a positive impact on brand equity and can
explain a significant proportion of its variation. Overall, the analysis shows that a brand manager can track brand
equity using store-level data, gain insights into the drivers of the brand’s equity, and manage these drivers to
achieve brand equity targets.
S. Sriram is Assistant Professor of Marketing, School of Business, Univer-
sity of Connecticut (e-mail: ssriram@business.uconn.edu). Subramanian
Balachander is Assistant Professor of Management (e-mail: sbalach@
mgmt.purdue.edu), and Manohar U. Kalwani is the OneAmerica Professor
of Management (e-mail: kalwani@mgmt.purdue.edu), Krannert Graduate
School of Management, Purdue University.This article is based on one of
the essays in the first author’s doctoral dissertation. The authors thank
Wilfred Amaldoss; Pradeep Chintagunta; Vrinda Kadiyali; Vishal Singh;
V. Srinivasan; the seminar participants at Binghamton University, Emory
University, Southern Methodist University, and University of Rochester;
and the three anonymous JM reviewers for their comments and
suggestions.
To read and contribute to reader and author dialogue on JM, visit
http://www.marketingpower.com/jmblog.
I
n contemporary marketing, brand equity has emerged as
a key strategic asset that needs to be monitored and nur-
tured for maximum long-term performance. A widely
used definition of brand equity characterizes it as the value
added by the brand name to a product (Farquhar 1989).
Higher brand equity can help a brand become more prof-
itable through higher brand loyalty, premium pricing, lower
price elasticity, lower advertising-to-sales ratios, and trade
leverage (Keller 1998). Given the advantages that accrue to
a brand with high equity, effective brand management
requires careful monitoring of its equity over the long run.
Recently, many firms have appointed brand equity man-
agers who are responsible for monitoring brand equity to
both detect signals of erosion in a brand’s equity and
approve programs to enhance it (Aaker 1991).
Many commercially available methods for tracking
brand equity, such as EquiTrend and Brand Asset Evaluator,
employ consumer or expert surveys to measure brand
equity (Aaker 1996). In the marketing literature, Park and
Srinivasan (1994) offer such a survey-based measure of
brand equity. Keller (1993) proposes a conceptual frame-
work for measuring brand equity using customer surveys.
Although survey-based measures can be useful for tracking
brand equity and can provide useful diagnostic input to
managers, Park and Srinivasan note (p. 286) that a limita-
tion of their method is that “it depends on the ability of con-
sumers to accurately report their relative brand prefer-
ences.” Conversely, the availability of store-level scanner
data offers an alternative way to measure and track brand
equity that is free of self-report errors. Brand equity esti-
mates based on store-level data in combination with tradi-
tional survey-based measures can add to a manager’s confi-
dence in formulating marketing programs designed to
maintain and build a brand’s equity. Because marketing
practitioners in consumer packaged goods categories often
use store-level data to monitor brand performance by store
type and geographical region and to assess the impact on
sales of changes in advertising, price, and distribution
(Bucklin and Gupta 1999; Shoemaker and Pringle 1980),
such data with appropriate adjustments can also be used to
generate brand equity estimates for tracking purposes.
Using store-level data, as opposed to household-level data,
to track brand equity has two advantages: First, store-level
data are considered less vulnerable to sample selection bias
than survey or individual-level scanner-panel data (Bucklin
and Gupta 1999). Second, because store-level data can be
obtained across several retailers in various geographic
regions, managers can use these data to track the health of
their brands across geographic regions and with respect to
various store brands.
In this article, we evaluate the usefulness of brand
equity estimates obtained from store-level data for tracking