Review article Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA 2 LEN* and AllerGen**) J. Bousquet 1 , N. Khaltaev 2 , A. A. Cruz 3 , J. Denburg 4 , W. J. Fokkens 5 , A. Togias 6 , T. Zuberbier 7 , C. E. Baena-Cagnani 8 , G. W. Canonica 9 , C. van Weel 10 , I. Agache 11 , N. Aït-Khaled 12 , C. Bachert 13 , M. S. Blaiss 14 , S. Bonini 15 , L.-P. Boulet 16 , P.-J. Bousquet 17 , P. Camargos 18 , K.-H. Carlsen 19 , Y. Chen 20 , A. Custovic 21 , R. Dahl 22 , P. Demoly 23 , H. Douagui 24 , S. R. Durham 25 , R. Gerth van Wijk 26 , O. Kalayci 27 , M. A. Kaliner 28 , Y.-Y. Kim 29 , M. L. Kowalski 30 , P. Kuna 31 , L. T. T. Le 32 , C. Lemiere 33 , J. Li 34 , R. F. Lockey 35 , S. Mavale-Manuel 36 , E. O. Meltzer 37 , Y. Mohammad 38 , J. Mullol 39 , R. Naclerio 40 , R. E. OÕHehir 41 , K. Ohta 42 , S. Ouedraogo 43 , S. Palkonen 44 , N. Papadopoulos 45 , G. Passalacqua 46 , R. Pawankar 47 , T. A. Popov 48 , K. F. Rabe 49 , J. Rosado-Pinto 50 , G. K. Scadding 51 , F. E. R. Simons 52 , E. Toskala 53 , E. Valovirta 54 , P. van Cauwenberge 55 , D.-Y. Wang 56 , M. Wickman 57 , B. P. Yawn 58 , A. Yorgancioglu 59 , O. M. Yusuf 60 , H. Zar 61 Review Group: I. Annesi-Maesano 62 , E. D. Bateman 63 , A. Ben Kheder 64 , D. A. Boakye 65 , J. Bouchard 66 , P. Burney 67 , W. W. Busse 68 , M. Chan-Yeung 69 , N. H. Chavannes 70 , A. Chuchalin 71 , W. K. Dolen 72 , R. Emuzyte 73 , L. Grouse 74 , M. Humbert 75 , C. Jackson 76 , S. L. Johnston 77 , P. K. Keith 78 , J. P. Kemp 79 , J.-M. Klossek 80 , D. Larenas-Linnemann 81 , B. Lipworth 82 , J.-L. Malo 83 , G. D. Marshall 84 , C. Naspitz 85 , K. Nekam 86 , B. Niggemann 87 , E. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka 88 , Y. Okamoto 89 , M. P. Orru 90 , P. Potter 91 , D. Price 92 , S. W. Stoloff 93 , O. Vandenplas 94 , G. Viegi 95 , D. Williams 96 1 University Hospital and INSERM, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; 2 GARD/ARIA Coordinator, Geneva, Switzerland; 3 Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Brazil; 4 AllerGen NCE, McMaster University, Canada; 5 Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 6 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA; 7 Allergy Centre CharitØ, CharitØ – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 8 World Allergy Organization (WAO) and Catholic University of Cordoba, Argentina; 9 Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; 10 Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 11 Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania; 12 The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases; 13 UZG, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; 14 University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; 15 Second University of Naples, INMM-CNR, Rome, Italy; 16 Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de lÕHôpital Laval and UniversitØ Laval, Quebec, Canada; 17 University Hospital, Nîmes, France; 18 Medical School, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 19 Voksentoppen, Rikshospitalet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway; 20 National Cooperative Group of Pediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking, China; 21 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 22 Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 23 University Hospital of Montpellier – Inserm U657, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; 24 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de BØni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria; 25 Imperial College London, London, UK; 26 Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 27 Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey; 28 Geo Washington Univ School of Medicine, Washington, DC and Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; 29 Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 30 Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 31 Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 32 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hochiminh City, Vietnam; 33 University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; 34 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School, China; 35 Joy McCann Culverhouse, University of South Florida College of Medicine, FL, USA; 36 ChildrenÕs Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique; 37 Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 38 Tishreen University School of Medicine, Lattakia, Syria; 39 Hospital Clinic – IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 40 Professor and Chief of OHNS, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 41 Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; 42 Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 43 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire PØdiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; 44 EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases PatientsÕ Associations, Brussels, Belgium; 45 Allergy Research Center, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 46 University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 47 Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 48 Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; 49 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; 50 Hospital Dona Estef¼nia, Lisboa, Portugal; 51 Royal National TNE Hospital London, University College London, London, UK; 52 University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada; 53 Helsinki University Hospital and Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Haartmanink, Helsinki, Finland; 54 Turku Allergy Center, Turku, Finland; 55 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 56 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 57 SachÕs ChildrenÕs Hospital, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 58 Olmsted Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA; 59 Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Manisa, Turkey; 60 The Allergy & Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan; 61 School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross Childrens Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 62 EPAR U707 INSERM and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, France; 63 Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 64 Pan African Thoracic Society, Tunisian Society of Respiratory Diseases, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; 65 Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; 66 Hôpital de La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada; 67 National Heart & Lung Institute at Imperial College, London, UK; 68 George R. and Elaine Love Professor, Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; 69 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 70 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; 71 Pulmonology Research Institute and Russian Respiratory Society, Moscow, Russia; 72 Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; 73 Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Lithuania; 74 University of Washington School of Medicine, WA, USA; 75 Hôpital Antoine-BØclre, UniversitØ Paris-Sud, Clamart, France; 76 Tayside Centre For General Practice, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 77 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; 78 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 79 University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA; 80 University of Poitiers, France; 81 Hospital MØdica Sur, Mexicocity, Mexico; 82 University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 83 UniversitØ de MontrØal et Hôpital du SacrØ-Coeur de MontrØal, Canada; 84 University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA; 85 Federal University of S¼o Allergy 2008: 63 (Suppl. 86): 8–160 Ó 2008 The Authors Journal compilation Ó 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard ALLERGY 8