African Journal of Business Management Vol.5 (5), pp. 1691-1702, 4 March, 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM
DOI: 10.5897/AJBM10.610
ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Destination choice, service quality, satisfaction, and
consumerism: International students in Malaysian
institutions of higher education
Yet Mee Lim
1
, Ching Seng Yap
2
and Teck Heang Lee
3
*
1
Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Lot PT 21144, Jln Sungai Long,
Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2
Bank Rakyat School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia.
3
School of Business, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 August, 2010
This pilot study examines the pull factors influencing international students in selecting Malaysia as the
host country and their perceptions of service quality in Malaysian institutes of higher education. It has
been found that students from the Middle East countries came to Malaysia mainly due to agent
recommendation, lower costs, and comfortable climate. They were somewhat satisfied with their host
institution. The Chinese students came to Malaysia upon the recommendation of their parents and
relatives, familiarity of the country, and perceived favorable study environment. And they were
somewhat dissatisfied with their host institution. These groups of students seemed to treat education
as an investment and they placed importance on such factors as reputation, quality of academic staff,
course content, program-related issues, costs, delivery of services, and management’s concern for
them. They perceived that, overall, their host institutions were not performing satisfactory in providing
quality education services. Finally, our data suggest much consumerism among these international
student groups.
Key words: Study destination choice, service quality, student consumerism, student satisfaction.
INTRODUCTION
There has been an increasing globalization in the sector
of higher education for the past couple of decades. The
globalization of higher education can be seen from the
large flow of students studying abroad and the increasing
number of colleges and universities providing educational
services across borders. It has been estimated that there
are two million students studying worldwide outside of
their home countries, and this number may increase to
*Correspondence author. E-mail:
lee.teck.heang@buseco.monash.edu.my. Tel: (+603) 5514
6317. Fax: (+603) 5514 6192.
eight million by the year of 2025 (Altbach, 2004). Most of
the international students are from countries in Asia,
Africa, and Europe. They study in only a small number of
host countries with USA, France, Germany, UK, and
Canada as the five leading host countries. By far USA is
the largest provider of international education. In 1990,
USA was the host to students mainly from Asian
countries such as China, Japan, and Taiwan. France had
a large proportion of its students from Morocco and
Algeria; while Germany drew heavily from Turkey, Iran,
and Greece. Malaysia and Hong Kong were the top two
source countries for UK; and for Canada, Hong Kong,
Philippines, and China were the top three sources of
students (Mazzarol and Hosie, 1996).