FULL PAPER
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100468
Regiospecific C(naphthyl)–H Bond Activation by Platinum(II) –
Isolation, Characterization, Reactivity and TD-DFT Study of the
Cycloplatinate Complexes
Achintesh Narayan Biswas,
[a]
Purak Das,
[a]
Vivek Bagchi,
[b]
Amitava Choudhury,
[c]
and
Pinaki Bandyopadhyay*
[a]
Keywords: C–H activation / Cyclometallation / Platinum / Oxidation / Density functional calculations
The regiospecific activation of C(naphthyl)–H bonds in a
group of naphthylazo-2'-hydroxyarene ligands (H
2
L) has
been achieved by platinum(II) compounds under different re-
action conditions, and stable cycloplatinates [Pt
II
L(D)] have
been isolated in presence of neutral Lewis bases (D). Struc-
tures of the cycloplatinate complexes of platinum(II) have
been established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The
platinum(II) centres are surrounded by a C,N,O-terdentate
ligand frame (L) and Lewis base (D) in a distorted square
planar fashion. These cycloplatinate species have been
found to react with halogens and methyl iodide undergoing
metal-centered two electron oxidation affording platinum(IV)
Introduction
Cyclometallation reactions are of considerable interest
because of their role in the selective functionalization of
C–H bonds
[1]
and numerous applications of the complexes
derived.
[2]
The topic of C–H bond activation reactions pro-
moted by platinum(II) complexes, as a key step in the func-
tionalization of small molecules,
[3]
has undergone a rapid
growth. Some representative examples where platinum(II)
complexes have been extensively used includes alkane
[3,4]
and arene
[5]
functionalization, studies of their thermo-
dynamic properties,
[6]
synthesis of complexes with interest-
ing optical properties (luminescence),
[7]
C–C coupling reac-
tions,
[2c,8]
metallomesogen chemistry
[9]
and anticancer
agents.
[10]
Since the first report of platinum(II) organome-
tallics containing a Pt–C(aryl) bond,
[11]
the study of cyclo-
platination reactions has mainly been confined to the do-
main of C(phenyl)–H bond activation.
[9,12]
Reports on
[a] Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja
Rammohunpur,
Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
Fax: +91-353-2699001
E-mail: pbchem@rediffmail.com
[b] Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology,
New Delhi 110016, India
[c] Department of Chemistry, Missouri S & T,
Rolla, MO 65409, USA
Supporting information for this article is available on the
WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201100468.
Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 3739–3748 © 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 3739
cycloplatinates with distorted octahedral geometry. In the re-
actions with halogens and methyl iodide, trans oxidative ad-
dition has been found for [Pt(L)D] (D = 4-picoline), whereas
cis addition has been observed for [Pt(L)D] where D is a more
sterically demanding triphenylphosphane. Structures of two
representative platinum(IV) cycloplatinate species have been
determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A time
dependent (TD)-DFT study of representative cycloplatinate
compounds has been performed. Optical absorption spectra
of the cycloplatinate compounds in dichloromethane have
been simulated using the TD-DFT method, and the experi-
mental spectra are in very good agreement.
C(naphthyl)–H bond activation by platinum(II) are rela-
tively few.
[13]
Moreover, the low electrophilicity of platinum
has been found to facilitate the stabilization of higher oxi-
dation states, which is reflected in their ability to undergo
oxidative addition reactions. A number of studies on oxi-
dative addition reaction of platinum(II) compounds having
monodentate and bidentate phosphorus or nitrogen ligands
have been reported.
[14–17]
However, cycloplatinate com-
pounds have not enjoyed the same popularity.
[12e,16,18]
This work stems from our interest in the selective acti-
vation of different C(naphthyl)–H bonds by transition
metal complexes.
[19]
Herein, selective C(naphthyl)–H bond
Scheme 1. Diazene ligands H
2
L
1
–H
2
L
3
.