Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 209 (2016) 34–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/elspec Measurement of L-XRF cross-sections and Coster–Kronig enhancement factors for 62 Sm at excitation energies 6.8, 7.4 and 8 KeV R. Kumar a,∗ , A. Rani b , R.M. Singh c , M.K. Tiwari d , A.K. Singh d a Department of Physics, HCTM Technical Campus, Kaithal, Haryana 136027, India b Department of Physics, University P.G. College Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India c Department of Physics, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India d X-ray Optics Section, Indus Synchrotron Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 10 October 2015 Received in revised form 29 February 2016 Accepted 30 March 2016 Available online 31 March 2016 Keywords: XRF production cross section Coster–Kronig transition Si(Li) detector Synchrotron radiations a b s t r a c t L ℓ , L  and L  XRF production cross-sections were measured for 62 Sm at excitation energies i.e. 6.8 KeV, 7.4 KeV and 8 KeV using synchrotron radiations. Experimental measurements were also carried out to examine the effect of Coster–Kronig transitions (non-radiative transitions) on fluorescence cross section for the L i (i = 1, 2, 3) X-ray lines. The experimental cross-sections with greater accuracy and better signal to noise ratio can be measured using a polarized monoenergetic excitation beam and a high resolution detector system. A Peltier cooled vortex solid state detector with energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.959 keV X-ray was employed. Experimentally measured cross-sections have been compared with the theoretical predictions with the data of M.O. Krause [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8 (1979) 307], J.L. Campbell [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 85 (2003) 291] and S. Puri et al. [X-Ray Spectrom. 22 (1993) 358]. The measured enhancement factors were found to be smaller than the theoretically calculated values. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Among various analytical techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, EDXRF, PIXE, the most established and reproducible technique is the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) used for quan- titative analysis in the fields of atomic, molecular and radiation physics. It provides multielemental analysis in a non-destructive manner. Thus, X-ray production cross section measurement with greater accuracy is of immense importance. It may be defined as the product of photoionization cross sec- tion, fluorescence yield and fractional X-ray emission rates at a given excitation energy E. A primary vacancy in the inner shell of an atom is produced by bombarding the atoms in a given sam- ple with photons, electrons, heavy charged particle of sufficient energy. The de-excitation then follows through gamma ray emis- sion and/or internal conversion process. A single vacancy created in the K-shell can be filled by the electron from the higher shell. But the situation is more complicated in the L/M shell states of various sub-shells. In the case of the L-shell, especially the L 3 sub-shell X- ray lines, estimation of X-ray production cross sections is not so ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: rajiv 005@rediffmail.com (R. Kumar), anita teotia@rediffmail.com (A. Rani). straightforward because of the Coster–Kronig (CK) transitions. CK process is the radiationless transitions where an inner-shell vacancy is transferred from one sub-shell of an atom to another less tightly bound one of the same principal shell, e.g. transitions between L 1 and L 3 , L 2 and L 3 sub-shells cause additional excitations of L 3 subshell, enhancing the production cross-sections of L i X-rays (i = ℓ, , ). Earlier Rani et al. [1] measured effect of CK transitions at for the element in the range 41 ≤ Z ≤ 92 at 22.6 KeV, Ertugrul [2] in 1996 reported the same for heavy elements with 79 ≤ Z ≤ 92 at 59.5 KeV, Oz et al. [3,4] in 2003 and 2004 measured CK enhance- ment factors for elements in the range 66 ≤ Z ≤ 72 and 74 ≤ Z ≤ 90 at different excitation energies between 8–22 keV. Sogut in 2006 [5] found out CK effect for Ba, La and compounds at 59.5 KeV energy and Yilmaz et al. [6] determined CK enhancement factor for 69 Tm at different excitation energies. In the present paper, L i (i = ℓ, , ) production cross-sections have been measured for 62 Sm using synchrotron radiation at dif- ferent excitation energies i.e. 6.8 KeV, 7.4 KeV and 8 KeV, which are just above the edge energy of particular L sub-shell. The L XRF cross- sections were also calculated theoretically by using different sets of atomic parameter like fluorescence yields ω i and fractional X- ray emission rates F i j . Experimental results are compared with the theoretical data. The second important investigation was on the Coster–Kronig (CK) enhancement factors for 62 Sm at given excita- tion energies and their comparison with theoretical results. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2016.03.008 0368-2048/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.