PSYCHOLOGY AND TOURISM zyxwvutsrqponmlkj Philip L. Pearce zyxwvutsrqp James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia Peter F. Stringer Queen’s University of Belfast, UK Abstract: The diversity of psychological studies of tourism is presented b! following divisions or levels of analysis within the discipline of psycholog!-. The review offers a broad canvas of the range of psychology studies rather than detailed analysis of particular elements or fearures. The analysis of psy,chology’s contrrbution to tourism proceeds by considering psycho-bio- loglcal and ergonomic studies, cognition, individual difference approach- es, and the work in social psychology as applied to tourism. Select envi- ronmental and cross-cultural studies are also reviewed. Future prospects for psychology and tourism are outlined and a particular emphasis on the value of multivariate models of tourist behavior is made. Keywords: tourism, psychology, cognition, social psycholog); environmental. cross- cultural psychology, multivariate models. RisumC: Psychologie et tourisme. La diversite des etudes psychologiques du tourisme est presentee en suivant des divisions ou des nlvcaux d‘ana- lystt B I’intbrieur du domaine de la psychologie Larticle prtscnte un canevas gCnPra1 des diffkrents genres d’etudes psychologiques plutbr qu’une analyse dCtaillPe de certains ClCments ou traits. Lanalyse de la contribution de la psychologie au tourisme est effectuPe par un rxamen des etudes psychobiologiques et ergonomiques. des etudes de la cognition, des travaus au sujet des diffkrences individuelles et des recherches dans la psychologie socialc telle qu’elle est appliquCe au tourismc. On passe cn revue certaines recherches en\4ronnementales et interculturellrs. Lra pc~-- spectixres d‘avenir pour la psychologie et le tourisme sont csquissecs 2 grands traits, et on insiste sur la valeur des modPIes 2 plusieurs variables pour le comporrement des touristes. Mots-cl&: tourisme, psychologie. cognition. psychologie sociale, environnemental. psychologiv inter-- culturclle. mod$les g plusieurs variables. INTRODUCTION The approach adopted to reviewing psychological studies in this article will be to organize the material according to what Brunswick (1939) called the “ level” of analysis. This concept describes psychologi- cal inquiry as focusing Lrariously on biological and physiologlcal pro- cesses. cognitive and mental processes, individual differences, interin- Philip Pearce (James Cook U nlversity of North Qurensland, Tocvnsville, Queensland. Australia) is Foundation Professor of Tourism. Hc holds a D.Phil. in ps! chology from the Uni\zersity of Oxford and has conducted rescarch in thv arcas 01. tourist behavior and experience. Peter Stringer is Professor of. Policy Studies. He hax published broadly in the areas of social and cnvironmcntal psychology. A good deal of’ hi.\ \vclrk has examined policy and social issues from a research pcrspcctivc. 136