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COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP MODEL: EFFECT ON METACOGNITIVE SKILLS
PRIYA MATHEW
1
& CELENE JOSEPH
2
1
Assistant professor of Education, St. Joseph’s College of Education, Mysore, Karnataka, India
2
Associate Professor, St. Thomas College of Teacher Education, Pala, Kerala, India
ABSTRACT
Classrooms comprise of students with individual differences even in metacognitive abilities. The term
metacognition refers to ‘the individual’s own awareness and consideration of his or her cognitive processes and strategies’
(Flavell, 1979). It is also defined as ‘thinking about thinking’. The teachers have to develop a keen sense of observation
and make note of the metacognitive ability of the children in classrooms. The specially selected methods and models of
instruction allow the teacher to focus on the most important behavioural characteristics and needs of the individual
students. Promoting students’ metacognitive ability is critical to improve their academic performance and success in life.
The Cognitive Apprenticeship Model (Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989) is a model of instruction that works to make
thinking visible through the six phases of teaching: Modelling, Coaching, Scaffolding, Articulation, Reflection, and
Exploration. In this study, the researchers adopted experimental method with pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups design.
The sample comprised of 76 students of standard eight. The experimental group (N=38) was taught through the Cognitive
Apprenticeship Model and the control group (N=38) through the existing activity oriented method practiced in the schools
which follows the curriculum designed by the Board of Secondary Education in Kerala State. The scale of metacognitive
skills was administered before and after the experiment in order to measure metacognitive skills in mathematical problem
solving of the students in the experimental and control groups. The findings of the study showed that Cognitive
Apprenticeship Model is more effective than the existing activity oriented method in developing metacognitive skills of
secondary school students. The school curriculum is suggested to be modified to suit the Cognitive Apprenticeship Model
and thus provide opportunities to the students to articulate reflect and explore themselves so that the students develop
metacognitive skills.
KEYWORDS: Students with Individual Differences Even in Metacognitive Abilities
INTRODUCTION
The traditional method of teaching, practised in our schools was grounded on Behaviourist philosophy based on
objectivist view of knowledge. In objectivist paradigm, the teacher transmits knowledge to the learners who are considered
as passive receivers. It is believed that the teacher has all the knowledge and the teacher is the source of ‘right’ knowledge
and ‘correct’ answers. In contrast, the constructivist paradigm is based on the assumption that knowledge is subjective and
learners construct knowledge in the social and cultural environment in which they are embedded. The Constructivist
paradigm calls for a change in the classroom culture, attitudes, beliefs and practices. Role of the teacher in this paradigm
shifts from ‘transmitter’ of knowledge to ‘researchers’ and ‘explorer’ of knowledge. Role of student changes from
‘knowledge acquisition’ to ‘knowledge construction’. In the constructivist classroom, the student designs experiments,
tests hypothesis, draws conclusions, compares his findings and results with those of others. In the constructivist classroom,
International Journal of Humanities
and Social Sciences (IJHSS)
ISSN(P): 2319-393X; ISSN(E): 2319-3948
Vol. 5, Issue 3, Apr - May 2016, 33-42
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