78 International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 2015, 2, 78-84
E-ISSN: 2410-1869/15 © 2015 Cosmos Scholars Publishing House
Development of PEBAX Based Membrane for Gas Separation: A
Review
M.S. Abdul Wahab and A.R. Sunarti
*
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang,
MALAYSIA
Abstract: Polymer is among the favorite materials used for membrane separation as they are cheap, easily cast, low
maintenance cost and commercially easy to get eventhough the material needs to be altered to meet the separation
industry specific needs. There are two common issues in membrane preparation which are the produced sheet are too
brittle and has no strength to withstand pressure during separation process and the porosity of the sheet sometimes not
suitable with the gas kinetic diameter for the separation to occur. PEBAX or Poly ether block amide is the answer for the
issues as this elastomer provides good mechanical strength from the hard segment of the crystalline poly amide block
while the soft polyether will drive the separation process. This unique material can be casted either by phase inversion of
the PEBAX itself with other polymer or by coating them on the other polymer substrate.
Key words: PEBAX, Composite membrane, Substrate, Elastomer.
INTRODUCTION
Methane, a key component in natural gas
composition has a wide availability. Contributing 75%
of natural gas, these energy resources also can be
obtained from biomass. The waste that can easily
transformed into wealth have a bright future as a new
way of creating energy. It is estimated that 25% of
renewable energy in 2020 will be from biogas [1]. The
decomposition of waste through anaerobic digestion of
bacteria will produced biogas which contain methane in
a natural way. The presence of 50-60 % methane is
biogas composition are the major interest of the
biomass [2-4]. Current method used for purification of
methane from carbon dioxide are by water
scrubbing[5], Polyethylene glycol scrubbing[6], carbon
molecular sieves [7] and the popular membrane
separation [8].
In natural gas processing membrane separation
practically used as they offer low energy cost, high
efficiency and low pollution [9]. It is usually employed to
separate carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide
and others from natural gas. Other technology in gas
separation technology such cryogenic separation,
absorption/adsorption separation, and supersonic
separation. Despite all the high technology separation
process, membrane separation has took a central
stage in research arena as they are the alternative for a
same purpose but with simple process [10].
*
Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Chemical & Natural
Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang,
MALAYSIA; Tel: +609‐5492822; Fax: +609‐5492889;
Email: sunarti@ump.edu.my; sunartirahman@gmail.com
Polymeric membrane offer an energy efficient with
low capital cost, flexible process, ease of scale up and
high efficient of raw material [11-14].Various polymer
has been used as based material, mixing and coating
altogether to achieve desired need of gas separation.
PES [15], PVDF [16], PVC [17], and PSF [18] are
among the top polymer in this field of research. Every
each of these polymers has their own ability to
separate only limited kind of species.
This review paper will focus on preparation of dope
solution and casting technique of PEBAX 1657 and
PEBAX 2533 toward a perfect flat sheet membrane for
gas separation. The modification of PEBAX membrane
that leads to a perfect selective layer and method used
to avoid gelation of PEBAX solution.
PEBAX A NEW ITERATION IN MEMBRANE
DEVELOPMENT
PEBAX or poly (ether block amide) is a family of
copolymers, consisting of polyamide hard segments
and polyether soft segments in the long polymeric
chains [19].The hard amide block will put the material
on the mechanical strength stability and the soft
segment of polyether will primarily drive the separation
process. These unique structures have made PEBAX a
good chemical resistance towards acid, basic and
organic solvents and high thermal and mechanical
stabilities. In several studies, PEBAX has shown an
excellent result for CO
2
separation due to their polar
ether oxygen withCO
2
interaction with other non-polar
gases [20].
There are two common type of PEBAX used in
industry, PEBAX 1657 and PEBAX 2533.The PEBAX
composition is tabulated in Table 1 [20, 21]. Bernardo