The utility of a broader conceptualization of
organizational identification: Which aspects
really matter?
Rolf van Dick
1
*, Ulrich Wagner
2
, Jost Stellmacher
2
and
Oliver Christ
2
1
Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK
2
Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
Predictions of social identity and self-categorization theories about the relevance
of social identification in organizational contexts are presented. We propose that
different foci of identification (e.g. with own career, team, organization, occupation)
as well as different dimensions of organizational identification (cognitive, affective,
evaluative, and behavioural) can be separated. Furthermore, these different aspects
of organizational identification are assumed to be differentially associated with work-
related attitudes and behaviours. Predictions are first tested in a questionnaire study
of 515 German school teachers. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that
dimensions and foci can indeed be differentiated. In addition, results indicate that
different aspects correlate differentially with different criteria. The results are cross-
validated in two samples of 233 German school teachers and 358 bank accountants,
respectively.
This study investigates social identity predictions in the organizational domain.
The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the multidimensionality of social
identification in the existence of different foci and dimensions.
Social Identity Theory (SIT) was developed by Tajfel and Turner (1979, 1986) as an
alternative to mainstream theories of that time which explained intergroup conflict as
resulting from constraints in material resources (Sherif, 1966). In their minimal group
studies, Tajfel and colleagues (e.g. Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) created
groups using meaningless distinctions, such as preference for certain abstract paint-
ings. Once created, individuals were expected to evaluate members of their in-group
and of the other group, the out-group. To summarize, it was demonstrated that individ-
uals evaluated in-group members more positively, distributed more money to in-group
members, and enlarged differences between in- and out-group if given the chance to,
although there was no interdependence, future interaction or material self-interest for
*Correspondence should be addressed to Rolf van Dick, Aston Business School, Aston University, Work & Organizational
Psychology Group, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK (e-mail: r.vandick@aston.ac.uk).
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (2004), 77, 171–191
© 2004 The British Psychological Society
www.bps.org.uk
171