Nondestructive monitoring of aircraft composites using
terahertz radiation
Nikolay S. Balbekin
a
, Evgenii V. Novoselov
b
, Pavel V. Pavlov
c
, Victor G. Bespalov
a
,
Nikolay V. Petrov
a
a
Department of photonics and optical informatics, ITMO University, Kadetskaya Linia 3,
St. Petersburg, Russia, 199004.
b
Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Chalmersplatsen 4, Gothenburg, Sweden, 41296.
c
Military Aviation Engineering University, Starih Bolshevikov st. 54-a, Voronezh, Russia,
394064.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we consider using the terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (TDS) for non destructive testing
and determining the chemical composition of the vanes and rotor-blade spars. A versatile terahertz spectrometer
for reflection and transmission has been used for experiments. We consider the features of measured terahertz
signal in temporal and spectral domains during propagation through and reflecting from various defects in
investigated objects, such as voids and foliation. We discuss requirements are applicable to the setup and are
necessary to produce an image of these defects, such as signal-to-noise ratio and a method for registration THz
radiation. Obtained results indicated the prospects of the THz TDS method for the inspection of defects and
determination of the particularities of chemical composition of aircraft parts.
Keywords: Terahertz radiation, terahertz spectroscopy, terahertz imaging, nondestructive testing, aircraft.
1. INTRODUCTION
The qualitatively new technologies are implemented in a global aircraft industry to ensure not only flight safety
but also maximum efficiency of aircraft operation. Substantially it is achieved by increasing use of composite
materials for aircraft. The composition and therefore the properties of these materials may varied depending on
desired values of strength, heat resistance, modulus, abrasion resistance, and moreover differ in their magnetic,
dielectric, radio and other properties. Glass fiber, epoxy resin and carbon fiber composite materials are increas-
ingly used as structural airframe elements, due to their high strength to weight ratio, improved aerodynamic
performance, reliability, and reduced corrosiveness compare to other construction materials. However, composite
structure modifications during the exploitation are possible due to the strong thermal influence (e.g., from tur-
bines) or various material strains due to external influences (such as unsuccessful plane landing or bullet hits).
Also material deterioration is possible caused by a prolonged operation period. The widespread use of compos-
ites requires a new approaches both for aircraft design and manufacture, and maintenance and repair services
including the high-quality diagnostics. The most common methods for non-destructive testing are ultrasonic
techniques,
1, 2
thermography
3, 4, 5
and shearography,
4, 6
but all of them have some disadvantages as expensive-
ness, insufficient sensitivity, a problem with the detection of subsurface defects and suitability not for all kinds
of defects.
7
During the past few years THz spectroscopy has been applied as a technic for non-contact composite material
diagnostics. THz radiation is located between infrared and microwave bands of electromagnetic spectrum. High
transparency of smoke, clothing , paper, wood, plastic, ceramic surfaces and other materials for THz radiation
provides a great potential for intravision with high signal to noise ratio. THz radiation is non-ionizing unlike X-
rays and has less scattering and greater penetration depth in comparison with optical and infrared radiation. By
use of the electro-optical detection in THz TDS it is possible to register real part of THz field complex amplitude,
that can provide us information both on amplitude and phase radiation and yield to fuller measurement of optical
E-mail: NBalbekin@niuitmo.ru
Saratov Fall Meeting 2014: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine XVI; Laser Physics and Photonics XVI;
and Computational Biophysics, E. A. Genina, V. L. Derbov, K. V. Larin, D. E. Postnov, V. V. Tuchin, Eds., Proc. of SPIE
Vol. 9448, 94482D · © 2015 SPIE · CCC code: 1605-7422/15/$18 · doi: 10.1117/12.2180021
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9448 94482D-1
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