Research Article
Prevalence of Coronal Pulp Stones and Its
Relation with Systemic Disorders in Northern Indian
Central Punjabi Population
Sandeep Kumar Bains,
1
Archana Bhatia,
2
Harkanwal Preet Singh,
3
Swati Swagatika Biswal,
4
Shashi Kanth,
5
and Srinivas Nalla
6
1
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
2
Department of Periodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
3
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
4
KLES Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
5
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Azamgarh Dental College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
6
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Naganhalli Road,
Daryapur, Gulbarga, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Harkanwal Preet Singh; hkps0320@gmail.com
Received 9 January 2014; Accepted 20 March 2014; Published 22 April 2014
Academic Editors: F. D. Nunes and D. Wray
Copyright © 2014 Sandeep Kumar Bains et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Aim. To estimate the prevalence of coronal pulp stones in the molar teeth of dental outpatients of Sunam, Sangrur district, Punjab,
India, to report any association between occurrence of pulp stones with age, gender, dental arch, side, and dental status and to
ind out correlation between pulp stones with dental and systemic diseases. Materials and Methods. 500 routine dental outpatients
within age group of 18–67 years were involved in the study. Molar bitewing of let and right side of each patient was taken with
XCP bitewing instrument and size 2 ilm. he presence or absence of pulp stones was recorded. Chi-square analysis was used to
record the prevalence of pulp stones and to compare it with demographic and systemic factors. Results. Overall prevalence of pulp
stones was 41.8%. Pulp stones were signiicantly higher in maxilla (11.59%) than mandible (6.54%), let side than right side, and irst
molar than other molars. Higher numbers of pulp stones were recorded in patients with cardiovascular disease (38.89%) than with
cholelithiasis and renal lithiasis. Conclusion. Pulp stones were higher in maxillary arch than mandibular arch and in females than
males. Cardiovascular patients had higher number of pulp stones than other groups.
1. Introduction
Pulp stones are foci of calciication in the pulp of tooth.
Calciication can occur in the dental pulp as discrete calciied
stones or as difuse form that can occur freely in the
pulp tissue or is attached to or embedded into dentin [1].
Depending on their microscopic structures, pulp stones have
been classiied into true or false form. hey are not clinically
apparent but are common radiographic indings [2].
hey have variable radiographic appearance; they may
be radiopaque structure within the pulp chamber or in the
root. hey do not have uniform shape or number. hey may
be round or oval, and some pulp stones inhabit most of the
pulp chamber. Some may be large as 2 or 3mm in diameter.
Only these large calciied concretions are radiographically
discernible. Pulp stones occur most commonly in molars,
although they occur in all tooth types [2]. Healthy, deceased,
and even unerupted teeth can have pulp stones [3]. Half the
teeth of young people and in almost all the teeth of people
older than ity years of age have pulp stones which are
probably apparent microscopically [2]. Pulp degeneration,
inductive interactions between epithelium and pulp tissue,
age, circulatory disturbances in the pulp, nanobacteria [4],
orthodontic tooth movements, idiopathic factors, genetic
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
ISRN Dentistry
Volume 2014, Article ID 617590, 5 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/617590