Endometrial vaporization of the cervical stump employing
an office hysteroscope and bipolar technology
Giovanni Pontrelli, MD, Stefano Landi, MD, Charalampos Siristatidis, MD,
Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo, MD, Oronzo Ceci, MD, and Stefano Bettocchi, PhD
From the Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology–II Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of
Bari, Bari, Italy (Drs. Pontrelli, Ceci, and Bettocchi); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ospedale Sacro
Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar (Verona), Italy (Dr. Landi); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of
Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy (Dr. Di Spiezio Sardo), and the 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Attikon”
Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr. Siristatidis).
Abstract. We report the successful treatment of a 40-year-old woman with ongoing cyclical vaginal
bleeding lasting 10 days after laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy. Hysteroscopic vaporization of the
endometrial stripe in the cervical stump was performed in an office setting, using a 5-mm Bettocchi
double-channel operative hysteroscope armed with a bipolar electrode.
© 2007 AAGL. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Office hysteroscopy;
Subtotal hysterectomy;
Cervical stump;
Bleeding
Subtotal hysterectomy continues to represent a justifiable
alternative to total hysterectomy for benign gynecologic
conditions, being associated with a reduced rate of compli-
cations (i.e., damage to surrounding pelvic organs, vaginal
prolapse, hematomas, blood loss, wound infections), a
shorter operative time, and more rapid recovery.
1,2
How-
ever, the theoretical advantage of subtotal versus total
hysterectomy in terms of better preservation of sexual
satisfaction in young patients, because of less disturbance
of the cervical and upper vaginal innervation,
3
was not
confirmed by recent more robust evidence.
4
The main
clinical arguments against subtotal hysterectomy are the
risk for development of cancer in the cervical stump and
the possibility of abnormal bleeding related to the pres-
ence of even small islands of residual endometrial tissue
in the cervical stump.
2
Nevertheless, the risk for development of a neoplasia in
the cervical stump should no longer be considered a reason
for preferring total to subtotal hysterectomy because the
likelihood is low (less than 1%),
5
and cervical screening has
already been shown to be effective in the follow-up of these
patients.
6
On the other hand, the incidence of cyclical or
continuous bleeding after subtotal hysterectomy ranges be-
tween 1% and 31.4% in different series
1,7
and negatively
affects the quality of life of those women who could expect
to stop menstruating after such major surgery, as well as
potentially complicating the use of hormone replacement
therapy.
2
To minimize this complication, during surgery
diathermy is usually applied to the top of the endocervical
canal with the aim of destroying any cycling endometrium.
8
This modality, however, has not been proven to prevent
future bleeding episodes.
7
Thakar et al
1
proposed that for-
mal reverse conization, including the cervical epithelium
together with the transformation zone, as well as any resid-
ual endometrium, could minimize this complication during
a laparotomic subtotal hysterectomy.
The authors have no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the
products or companies described in this article.
Corresponding author: G. Pontrelli, Department of Obstetrics, Gynae-
cology and Neonatology-II Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University
of Bari, Bari, Italy.
E-mail: giovepontre@alice.it
Submitted April 27, 2007. Accepted for publication June 1, 2007.
1553-4650/$ -see front matter © 2007 AAGL. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2007.06.006
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (2007) 14, 767–769