10.1177/0743558403255070 ARTICLE JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH / September 2003 Bean et al. / PARENTING DIMENSIONS AND ADOLESCENT FUNCTIONING
The Impact of Parental Support,
Behavioral Control, and Psychological Control
on the Academic Achievement and
Self-Esteem of African American
and European American Adolescents
Roy A. Bean
Texas Tech University
Kevin R. Bush
University of Georgia
Patrick C. McKenry
Ohio State University
Stephan M. Wilson
University of Kentucky
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between adolescent function-
ing (i.e., self-esteem and academic achievement) and parental support, behavioral con-
trol, and psychological control in European American and African American adoles-
cents. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that supportive behaviors of African
American mothers toward their adolescent children positively predicted both self-esteem
and academic achievement. Psychological control was significantly related to adoles-
cent self-esteem in both the models of paternal parenting (African American and Euro-
pean American) and maternal parenting (African American). In addition, among Euro-
pean American adolescents, behavioral control was a significant predictor of academic
achievement and self-esteem. This study provides support for the methodological value
of examining the parenting dimensions independently as opposed to combining them to
form parenting styles.
Keywords: African Americans; adolescents; parenting; self-esteem; academic
achievement
523
Research support for this project was provided by the College of Human Environmental Sciences at the Uni-
versity of Kentucky to Professor Wilson from an internal competition grant for research.
Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 18 No. 5, September 2003 523-541
DOI: 10.1177/0743558403255070
© 2003 Sage Publications