Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2012, 9, 1098-1104
© 2012 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Perceived Environmental Physical Activity Correlates
Among Asian Pacific Islander Americans
Timothy J. Bungum, Merrill Landers, Maria Azzarelli, and Sheniz Moonie
Background: Little is known about correlates of pbysical activity of Asian and Asian-Pacific Islander Americans
(AAPI). Knowledge of these correlates could be useful in promoting physical activity. Purpose: to identify
demographic and environmental correlates of physical activity among AAPI. Methods: Participants resided
in the Las Vegas, Nevada area, and completed a 52-item telephone administered questionnaire that assessed
physical activity behavior, environmental supports for physical activity and demographic factors. Environmental
factors included the presence of neighborhood sidewalks, park availability, and nearby grocery stores were
combined to create the variable "environmental pbysical activity supports" (EPAS). Neighborhood crime,
pleasantness of tbe neigbborhood for walking, and the presence of loose dogs combined to form "neigbbor-
hood safety." Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of physical activity. Potential predictors
included age, gender, BMI, employment, educational attainment, neighborhood safety, and EPAS. Results:
263 respondents completed the survey. With the exception of living near a grocery store, respondents reported
residing in neighborhoods that are generally supportive of physical activity. However, EPAS was the sole
significant predictor of physical activity behavior (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.06-2.17). Age and educational attain-
ment unexpectedly failed to predict physical activity. Conclusions: Supportive physical activity environments
associate with physical activity behavior among AAPI.
Keywords: Asian Americans, environmental correlates
Physical activity is an important public bealtb bebav-
ior because of the numerous disease preventing benefits
associated with it.'-^ Prevalent diseases that are known
to be prevented by pbysical activity include coronary
heart disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes.^ Engaging in
pbysical activity also aids in the reduction and preven-
tion of the accumulation of excess body fat.^ This is an
especially important area for public health autborities to
address because substantial increases in obesity rates bave
recently been observed among Americans."*
An expressed goal of public health is to eliminate
health disparities across ethnicities.' Contrary to the
desires of public health experts, data indicate that ethnic
disparities in physical activity exist. Minority group
members bave consistently been shown to be less active
than white Americans^'^ However, little is known about
the physical activity habits of some minority groups,
including AAPI.'-^ Therefore, physical activity charac-
teristics of this group merit study.
Bungum is with the Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of Nevada-Las Vegas. Landers is with the Dept of
Physical Therapy, University of Nevada-Las Vegas. Azzarelli
is with Dept of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promo-
tion, Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV. Moonie
is with the Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University
of Nevada-Las Vegas.
It is also important to study AAPI because they are
a minority group unlikely to engage in exercise, and
are more opposed to engaging in physical activity than
are whites or African Americans.^ Further, AAPI are an
important ethnic group from a public health perspective
because of tbeir large numbers. There are currently over
13 million, and tbeir proportion of tbe American popula-
tion is increasing. Estimates indicate that by 2050,8% of
the US population will be of AAPI descent.'° Thus, it is
not surprising that the need to study the health bebaviors,
and especially physical activity, among this subpopula-
tion bas been expressed in the literature.*'
A first step to understanding the physical activity
behavior of members of ethnic subpopulations is to iden-
tify tbe bebavioral correlates of the bebavior (physical
activity)." Physical activity correlates have typically been
divided into 4 categories: demographic, psychological,
social/cultural, and environmental.'^'^ It has long been
known tbat pbysical activity correlates witb select psy-
chosocial and demographic variables.'^ However, most
studies tbat bave assessed tbese variables have explained
less than 20% of the variance in physical activity.'"* The
limited explanatory power of statistical models that
predict pbysical activity bebavior is recognized, and it
is believed that the inclusion of environmental factors
may enhance researchers abilities to explain physical
activity.'^ Because little work has been done tbat assesses
the association of environmental factors with physical
1098