Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences – Lumban Gaol (Ed.)
© 2015Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02735-0
Discovering design implications of public housing adjustment
benefits in Nigeria
A.D. Isah, T.H. Khan & A.S. Ahmad
Faculty of Built Environment, Department ofArchitecture, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia
ABSTRACT: Heterogeneous spatial paradigm in public housing design is essentially inevitable and most avidly
followed urban issue in Nigeria today. In contrast to the one time homogenous configuration provided which has
proved ineffective overtime, layout patterns and benefits of transformation are less focused on. Equally, design
solutions emerging from transformation benefits have limited empirical footing. In this circumstance, houses of
urban public housing typology were studied after transformation. The study adopted conditional sampling of 42
public housings in five states of northern Nigeria. Social pattern analysis was used to assess the social pattern
of the transformed spatial configurations, subjected to gamma analysis in establishing the spatial pattern of
adjustments. The resultant graphical delineation indicated that the spatial system developed of out of the social
meaning imposed upon it by the social activities of the occupants. Thus, design implication requires developers
to consider future transformation initiatives of occupants at the design stage.
Keywords: Discover, Design implications, Housing adjustment, Social pattern
1 INTRODUCTION
Emphasis on heterogeneity in public housing design
tends to avail the benefits users achieve in the trans-
formation process (Khan, 2014). Isah et al. (2014)
suggested that the inclusion of users’ socio-cultural
inclination in the design process will enhance public
housing sustainability. Indeed, socio cultural attributes
have been identify as key in Nigerian housing delivery
(Ayoola and Amole, 2014; Ibem et al., 2012; Jiboye,
2011a, 2011b; Jiboye, 2010; Maina, 2013; Odediran
et al., 2013; Ogu and Ogbuozobe, 2001). This study
therefore showcases the social pattern reflected in the
spatial adjustment of public houses embarked upon
by the users in order to achieve desired housing con-
sumption. As part of a regional study, it examined
contextually users’ spatial changes to public hous-
ing unit in the transformation process. Accordingly,
42 houses were selected by stratified randomly sam-
pling among transformed housing units in 10 housing
estates purposefully chosen for the research. The find-
ings categorised changes made by occupants into
conversions, extension, addition and re-configurations
of spaces reflecting both control groups and stress
overtime as motivating forces. The design implication
requires a rethink by developers to accommodate these
considerations in initial spatial provisions to avoid vio-
lation of setbacks and building lines associated with
unguided transformation in attaining the benefits of
transformation process.
2 BACKGROUND STUDIES
2.1 Housing transformation
Attaining household space needs with changes in hous-
ing consumption level is considered significant benefit
in the transformation process rather than improv-
ing physical features (Tipple, 2000), thus reflect-
ing social communication with civilization (Franklin,
2006). Advancement from prototype housing which
has not proffer solutions to housing quality in Nigeria
(Olotuah and Bobadoye, 2011) require consideration
of the dynamism and benefits in heterogeneity experi-
enced over time in public housings layouts as a result
of occupants’ action of housing layout adjustment.
Thereby, reflecting the inevitability of housing trans-
formation. Moreover, place attachment with social ties
developed over time, familiarity and conveniences are
identified as attributes that motivate occupants’ choice
to transform rather relocate dwellings (Seek, 1983).
Even though (Clark and Onaka, 1983) concluded that
factors such as lifecycle needs and socio-economic
variables which motivates user transformation equally
motivate residential mobility. However, low income
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