REVIEW ANALYSIS &EVALUATION ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Fluoride Concentration from Dental Sealants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Campus G, Carta G, Cagetti MG, Boss u M, Sale S, Cocco F, Conti G, Nardone M, Sanna G, Strohmenger L, Lingstr€ om P, and Italian Experimental Group on Oral Health. J Dent Res 2013;92(suppl no. 1):23S–8S. REVIEWERS Ana Carolina Magalh~ aes, PhD, Mar  ılia Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, PhD, Daniela Rios, PhD PURPOSE/QUESTION The authors attempt to study the fluoride concentration released from dental sealants. SOURCE OF FUNDING Non-profit, Foundations, etc. TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Randomized controlled trial LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION GRADE Grade B: Inconsistent or limited- quality patient-oriented evidence J Evid Base Dent Pract 2014;14:28-30 1532-3382/$36.00 Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.01.003 A High-viscosity GIC Sealant Increases the Fluoride Concentration in Interproximal Fluid More Than a Resin-based Sealant Containing Fluoride SUMMARY Subjects The study sample was composed of children age 6–7 years attending primary schools in Sassari, the largest district of northern Sardinia (0.3 mg F/L in tap water). Based on Italian National Institute for Statistics data from 2008, the total number of children age 6–7 years living in the area was 3271. All chil- dren were invited to participate, and 2975 (91.0%) agreed. Only children with signed informed consent were recruited and examined at school to evaluate the number of caries lesions according to the DMFT(S)/dmft(s) index. The inclusion criteria were year of birth 2000–2002, good general health, informed consent signed by parents/guardians, and presence of at least 2 sound permanent first molars as soon after eruption as isolation can be achieved. The exclusion criteria were carious and/or demineralized lesions, hypomineralized permanent molar, presence of filling or sealant on the occlusal surface of the first permanent molars, fixed orthodontic appli- ances, and use of topical fluoride agents except toothpaste. In total, 2808 children were eligible for the study. From these children, 2776 (93.3% of the eligible sample) were enrolled in the study. The participants, identified by a serial number, were compiled into a list. Randomization was performed with Excel Ò 2003, and three groups were created: a first group received fissure sealants with a high- viscosity glass-ionomer cement (group GIC, n = 926), a second group was sealed with resin-based sealant containing fluoride (group fluoride-RB, n = 923), and a third group received resin-based sealant without fluoride (group RB, n = 927). Dental sealants were applied by five dental hygienists according to the manufacturer’s instruction in the Dental Clinic of the Uni- versity of Sassari. Each child received a fluoride toothpaste containing 1450 ppm (Menta- dent P, Unilever Italy, Milan) to use twice a day during the study period. However, children were instructed to brush their teeth 3 times a day (instead of twice) for 2 to 3 min after each of the three main meals; flossing was not included. Key Exposure/Study Factor The key study factor was the type of sealant material. Sealant materials were: (1) a high-viscosity GIC (GIC; KETACÔ MOLAR APLICAP, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); (2) a white photopolymerizable resin-based sealant containing fluoride (fluoride-RB; Helioseal F Ò , IvoclarVivadent AG, F € urstentum, Liechtenstein); and (3) a white photopolymerizable resin-based sealant without fluoride (RB; Concise1930TM, 3M ESPE, See- feld, Germany). Main Outcome Measure The main outcome measure was fluoride concentration in interproximal fluid. Samples of interproximal fluid (within 2 h after oral hygiene