Energy and Buildings, 17 (1991) 331-335 331
Research Communication
The thermal behavior of a concrete
'finned' wall in a hot-arid zone
Y. Etzion and E. Erell
The Desert Architecture Unit, J. Blaustein Institute
for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, 84PPO (Israel)
(Received February 17, 1990; accepted December 29,
1990; revised paper received May 17, 1991)
Abstract
The thermal behavior of an exposed concrete slab
with a grid of truncated pyramids on its outer
surface was found to differ considerably from that
of a similar slab with a smooth outer surface, under
hot-arid conditions. When the slab was placed ver-
tically facing south (simulating a south-facing wall),
the three-dimensional geometry of its exterior re-
duced radiative heat gain. Placed horizontally, ra-
diative heat gain increased. Painting the slabs white
reduced the relative contribution of radiative heat
gain, while the increased surface area resulted in
the creation of a thick 'boundary' layer that affected
the thermal behavior of the slab under certain
conditions.
Analytical description of these heat exchange
processes has usually dealt with the general
case of a wall (or ceiling) having the form of
an infinite slab, thus simplifying the mathe-
matical models. Where it is required to study
more realistic conditions, numerical methods
are used to provide computer simulations (Ak-
bari et al. [1], for example). However, even
though Oke [2] noted the effect of surface
geometry in radiation exchange, and Gupta [3]
described the effect of increased surface area
on the thermal performance of a wall in Jais-
almer, investigation of non-planar wall surfaces
has so far been limited.
A preliminary experiment was carried out
to investigate the effects of altering the surface
geometry of a building element on the heat
flux through it. The basically planar surface
form was replaced by a three-dimensional form,
thus modifying both radiative and convective
heat transfer between the surroundings and
the building element, as well as the pattern
of conductive heat flow inside the building
material.
2. Experimental setup
1. Introduction
The heat exchange processes occurring at
the external surfaces of buildings have been
studied extensively. Heat is transferred between
the surface of the thermal mass and its en-
vironment, mainly by radiation and convection,
while the heat transfer taking place within the
bulk of the material is purely conductive. As-
suming that the ambient conditions are different
from the internal ones and that they axe tran-
sient in nature, the heat transfer in a wall
having thermal mass and a finite resistance to
heat flow consists of a fluctuating component
(due to the thermal storage effect), superim-
posed on the steady-state heat flow through
it.
Two concrete slabs were prepared, each one
square meter in area, and having identical
mass. Slab A, which served as the control, had
a flat surface and a uniform thickness of 15
cm. Slab B had a 'finned' surface, created by
an array of square truncated pyramids, 10 cm
high and having a base of 8 cm × 8 cm and
top of 6 cm × 6 cm. (This section was chosen
in order to facilitate the extraction of the mold.)
The pyramids were 2 cm apart at their bases,
and the whole array projected from a 10-cm-
thick slab (Fig. 1). Both slabs were insulated
with 5-cm-thick expanded polystyrene board
on all surfaces except the one being compared,
and encased in a wooden frame 20 nun thick
to facilitate handling. It is important to em-
phasize that both slabs contained an identical
amount of concrete and thus had the same
thermal capacity, the only differences being in
their geometry and their exposed surface area.
0378-7788/91/$3.50 © 1991 -- Elsevier Sequoia, Lausanne