Copyright © eContent Management Pty Ltd. Contemporary Nurse (2009–10) 34(1): 10–18.
Volume 34, Issue 1, December 2009/January 2010 10 C
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Development and validation of the
Nursing Workplace Satisfaction
Questionnaire (NWSQ)
GREG FAIRBROTHER
Nurse Manager Research & Clinical Policy, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
Research Fellow, Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Health, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
AARON JONES
Nursing Executive Officer, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
KETTY RIVAS
Quality Manager, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT
A nursing job satisfaction questionnaire was designed by a project group of nurses seeking a suit-
able job satisfaction measure to track as an outcome in a large Sydney hospital-wide models of
nursing care project. Existing tools were rejected by the group as overly lengthy, US-biased and
over-using respondent assessment of the character of the work environment as a proxy for job satis-
faction, or happiness at work. A one-page, 14-item tool was developed after instrument reviewing
and facilitated groupwork. The tool reduces to three measurable domains: intrinsic, extrinsic and
relational job satisfaction. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 220 responses) confirmed the validity
of this ‘three-way’ conceptualisation of nursing job satisfaction. Internal consistency analysis on a
larger sample of responses (n = 459) yielded high Cronbach’s Alpha values for all three domains
and for the total overall, suggesting a stable and reliable measure. The NWSQ is short, one page,
sensibly worded for Australian conditions and yields scoring against three validated domains. It
holds significant potential utility as a standard metric for prospective ward-based or institution-wide
performance trending.
KEYWORDS: nursing; job satisfaction; questionnaires; models of care; reliability; validity
BACKGROUND
T
he Nursing Workplace Satisfaction
Questionnaire (NWSQ) was developed
prior to the pilot phase of a Models of Care proj-
ect conducted at eastern Sydney’s 500 bed inpa-
tient tertiary referral facility, the Prince of Wales
Hospital (Fairbrother, Jones, & Rivas, 2010).
The Models of Care project was implemented
in 2002–2004 and involved acute medical and
surgical wards at the hospital in an experimental
trial of a team nursing model of care against the
then standard individual patient allocation model
of care. Because team nursing models of care had
not been widely used in Australia since the 1980s,
the project team were highly concerned with
the acceptability of teaming in job satisfaction