ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characterizing and predicting essential habitat features for juvenile coastal sharks Christine A. Ward-Paige 1,2 , Gregory L. Britten 2 , Dana M. Bethea 1 & John K. Carlson 1 1 Panama City Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL, USA 2 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Keywords Elasmobranch conservation; environmental predictors; fisheries management; Gulf of Mexico; sharks. Correspondence Christine A. Ward-Paige, Panama City Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL 32408, USA. E-mail: cward.paige@gmail.com Accepted: 11 January 2014 doi: 10.1111/maec.12151 Abstract The successful management of shark populations requires juvenile recruitment success. Thus, conservation initiatives now strive to include the protection of areas used by pre-adult sharks in order to promote juvenile survivorship. Many shark species use inshore areas for early life stages; however, species often seg- regate within sites to reduce competition. Using a fisheries-independent gillnet survey from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (2000–2010) we describe distribution patterns and preferred habitat features of the juveniles of six shark species. Our results suggest that multiple shark species concurrently use the area for early life stages and although they overlap, they exhibit distinct habitat preferences characterized by physical variables. Habitat suitability models suggest that tem- perature, depth, and salinity are the important factors driving juvenile shark occurrence. Within each site, across the sampled range of physical characteris- tics, blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) preferred higher temperature (>30 °C) and mid-depth (~5.5 m); bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) pre- ferred higher temperature (>30 °C) and mid-salinity (30–35 PSU), finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon) preferred low salinity (<20 PSU) with mid-depth (~4 m), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) preferred high tempera- ture (>30 °C) and salinity (>35 PSU), Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprion- odon terraenovae) preferred high temperature (>30 °C) and deep water (>6 m), and spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) preferred deep water (>8 m) and high temperature (>30 °C). The other investigated factors, including year, month, latitude, longitude, bottom type, inlet distance, coastline and human coast were not influential for any species. Combining habitat preferences with the sampled environmental characteristics, we predicted habitat suitability throughout the four sites for which physical characteristics were sampled. Hab- itat suitability surfaces highlight the differences in habitat use between and within sites. This work provides important insight into the habitat ecology of juvenile shark populations, which can be used to better manage these species and protect critical habitat. Introduction Many coastal shark populations have significantly declined from their original abundance as a result of fish- ing (Heithaus et al. 2007; Hayes et al. 2009; Ward-Paige et al. 2010) and, due to their low rebound potential, management of catch alone may not be sufficient for the recovery of depleted populations (Ward-Paige et al. 2012). Evidence suggests that all life stages should be con- sidered for proper management (Kinney & Simpfendorfer 2009) and that elasmobranch population growth and pro- ductivity are influenced by juvenile survivorship (Smith Marine Ecology (2014) 1–13 ª 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH 1 Marine Ecology. ISSN 0173-9565