DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x © 2006 The Authors. 974 Journal compilation © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 974– 981 Abstract Background Oxidative stress and increased inflammation have been reported to be increased in subjects with diabetes and to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction (MI). It is well recognized that red wine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We examined the effects of moderate red wine intake on echocardiographic para- meters of functional cardiac outcome in addition to inflammatory cytokines and nitrotyrosine (oxidative stress marker), in subjects with diabetes after a first uncomplicated MI. Methods One hundred and fifteen subjects with diabetes who had sustained a first non-fatal MI were randomized to receive a moderate daily amount of red wine (intervention group) or not (control group). Echocardiographic para- meters of ventricular dys-synchrony, circulating levels of nitrotyrosine, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated at baseline and 12 months after randomization. Results After 1 year of diet intervention, concentrations of nitrotyrosine (P < 0.01), CRP (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-18 (P < 0.01) were increased in the control group compared with the intervention group. In addition, myocardial performance index (P < 0.02) was higher, and transmitral Doppler flow (P < 0.05), pulmonary venous flow analysis (P < 0.02) and ejection fraction (P < 0.05) were lower in the control group, indicating ventricular dys-synchrony. The concentrations of nitrotyrosine, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were related to echocardiographic parameters of ventricular dys-synchrony. Conclusions In subjects with diabetes, red wine consumption, taken with meals, significantly reduces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as improving cardiac function after MI. Moderate red wine intake with meals may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cardiovascular complica- tions after MI in subjects with diabetes. Diabet. Med. 23, 974–981 (2006) Keywords inflammation, myocardial infarction, oxidative stress, red wine Abbreviations CRP, C-reactive protein; E/A ratio, early/late diastolic flow ratio; EF, ejection fraction; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-18, interleukin-18; IRT, Isovolumetric relaxation time; MI, myocardial infarction; MPI, myocardial performance index; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK DME Diabetic Medicine 0742-3071 Blackwell Publishing, 2006 23 Original Article Original article Red wine in diabetics with previous myocardial infarction R. Marfella et al. Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus R. Marfella*†, F. Cacciapuoti*, M. Siniscalchi‡, F. C. Sasso*, F. Marchese§, F. Cinone*, E. Musacchio‡, M. A. Marfella§, L. Ruggiero*, G. Chiorazzo*, D. Liberti*, G. Chiorazzo*, G. F. Nicoletti¶, C. Saron*, F. D’Andrea¶, C. Ammendola*, M. Verza* and L. Coppola* *Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, †Cardiovascular Research Center, Second University of Naples, Naples, ‡Department of Cardiology UTIC, Hospital Cardarelli, Campobasso, §Department of Medical Urgency, Hospital V. Rummo, Benevento and ¶Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy Accepted 29 November 2005 Correspondence to: Raffaele Marfella, Via Emilio Scaglione, 141 I-80145 Naples, Italy. E-mail: raffaele.marfella@unina2.it