A maternal diet of fatty fish reduces body fat of offspring compared with a maternal diet of beef and a post-weaning diet of fish improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in adult C57BL/6 male mice A. Hussain, 1 I. Nookaew, 2 S. Khoomrung, 2 L. Andersson, 1 I. Larsson, 3 L. Hulth en, 4 N. Jansson, 1 R. Jakubowicz, 1 S. Nilsson, 5 A.-S. Sandberg, 6 J. Nielsen 2 and A. Holm€ ang 1 1 Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothen- burg, Sweden 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Systems Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 3 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 5 Department of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 6 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Received 20 December 2012, revision requested 20 January 2013, revision received 20 May 2013, accepted 31 May 2013 Correspondence: A. Hussain, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden. E-mail: aysha.hussain@neuro.gu.se Abstract Aim: The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the long-term health of the offspring. Our aim was to study how a fish or meat diet perinatal and after weaning affects body composition, insulin sensitivity and the profile of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk, fat depots, skeletal muscle and liver in male adult mice offspring. Methods: During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a her- ring- or beef-based diet. Half of the pups in each group changed diets after weaning. In offspring, body composition measured by DEXA, plasma lipid profile and insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp or QUICKI were monitored to adulthood. Analysis of total FAs by GC-MS were per- formed in the diet, breast milk and in different tissues. Results: At 9 week of age, offspring of herring-fed dams had less body fat than offspring of beef-fed dams. Mice fed herring after weaning had increased insulin sensitivity at 15 week of age, reduced total plasma cho- lesterol and triglyceride levels, and compared with beef-fed mice, larger in- terscapular brown adipose tissue depots. The FA composition of the maternal diet was mirrored in breast milk, and the herring diet signifi- cantly affected the FA profile of different tissues, leading to an increased content of n-3 PUFAs. Conclusion: A herring-based maternal diet reduces body fat in the off- spring, but the insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and amount of brown adi- pose tissue are affected by the offspring’s own diet; the herring diet is more beneficial than the beef diet. Keywords body composition, fatty fish, insulin sensitivity, maternal diet, n-6/n-3 ratio, red meat. © 2013 Scandinavian Physiological Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, doi: 10.1111/apha.12130 1 Acta Physiol 2013