Using stakeholders’ perspective of ecosystem services and biodiversity features to plan a marine protected area P. Francisco Ca ´ rcamo a,b , Rosa Garay-Flu ¨ hmann c , Francisco A. Squeo d,f , Carlos F. Gaymer e,f,g, * a Departamento de Biologı ´a Marina, Universidad Cato ´ lica del Norte, Programa de Doctorado en Biologı ´a y Ecologı ´a Aplicada, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile b Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Doctor Marı ´n 340, Coquimbo, Chile c Centro de Aprendizaje, Universidad Santo Toma ´ s, Sede La Serena, Ruta 5 Norte 1068, La Serena, Chile d Departamento de Biologı ´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas A ´ ridas (CEAZA), Benavente 980, La Serena, Chile e Departamento de Biologı ´a Marina, Universidad Cato ´ lica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas A ´ ridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile f Instituto de Ecologı ´a y Biodiversidad (IEB), Chile g Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Chile e n v i r o n m e n t a l s c i e n c e & p o l i c y x x x ( 2 0 1 4 ) x x x – x x x a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 26 August 2013 Received in revised form 6 March 2014 Accepted 13 March 2014 Available online xxx Keywords: Biodiversity Chile Ecosystem services Fishermen Multiple-Use Coastal Marine Protected Area Stakeholders’ perceptions a b s t r a c t The definition of a common vision that includes social and environmental goals, ecosystem services and/or biodiversity features that people are interested in maintaining or restoring is a great challenge for marine protected areas (MPAs). Recent initiatives have promoted broadening the focus from biodiversity conservation alone to the conservation of both ecosystem services and biodiversity, indicating that this integration should improve sup- port and compliance from stakeholders. Using a Multiple-Use Coastal Marine Protected Area recently proposed in northern Chile, we investigated (i) stakeholders’ perceptions of the valuation of ecosystem services, threats to their provision, and the prioritization of ecosys- tem services, biodiversity features, and uses in a planning scenario, and (ii) stakeholders’ expectations for the establishment of a new MPA. The perceptions of different groups of stakeholders were compared and statistically analyzed, and the relationships among prioritizations were studied using a network approach. Stakeholders identified and valued 13 ecosystem services, 28 biodiversity features, 20 uses and activities, and 22 threats. Significant differences among the valuations and prioritizations of different stakeholder groups were attributable principally to artisanal fishermen’s perceptions of some compo- nents that are directly related to their activities and livelihoods. High expectations of benefits from a new MPA implementation were observed for all categories of stakeholders. To relate the different valuated components, we proposed a network-based conceptual model that reduces complexity, and also as a strategy to communicate relationships and * Corresponding author at: Departamento de Biologı´a Marina, Universidad Cato ´ lica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas A ´ ridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. Tel.: +56 51 2209969; fax: +56 51 2209812. E-mail addresses: francisco.carcamo@ifop.cl (P.F. Ca ´ rcamo), rosagaray@santotomas.cl (R. Garay-Flu ¨ hmann), f_squeo@userena.cl (F.A. Squeo), cgaymer@ucn.cl (C.F. Gaymer). ENVSCI-1339; No. of Pages 16 Please cite this article in press as: Ca ´ rcamo, P.F., et al., Using stakeholders’ perspective of ecosystem services and biodiversity features to plan a marine protected area. Environ. Sci. Policy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.03.003 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envsci http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.03.003 1462-9011/# 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.