RRDE Measurements of ORR Activity of Pt
1-x
Ir
x
(0 < x < 0.3) on High
Surface Area NSTF-coated GC Disks
Gary Chih-Kang Liu
a
, R.J. Sanderson
a
, George Verndstrom
b
, D.A. Stevens
a
, R.T.
Atanasoski
b
, M.K. Debe
b
and J. R. Dahn
a,
*
a: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
Canada B3H 3J5
b: 3M Fuel Cell Components Program, 3M Co., St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, USA
Layered Pt
1-x
Ir
x
(0 < x < 0.3) and Pt films were sputtered onto
mirror-polished and nano-structured thin film (NSTF)-coated GC
disks. Rotating ring disk electrode studies of oxygen reduction
reaction activity (ORR) were completed for all disks prepared.
The NSTF-supported catalysts had much higher active surface
area and reached the diffusion-limited current at a higher potential
than the mirror-polished supported catalysts. The surface
enhancement factor (SEF) of Pt on NSTF-coated disks was
approximately 14. The SEF increased, (reaching a maximum of
22 at x = 0.2 in Pt
1-x
Ir
x
) as the Ir content increased. The kinetic
ORR current density also increased with increasing Ir content. A
similar trend was not observed for catalyst coated, mirror-
polished disks. All of the catalyst/support combinations had
identical Tafel slopes and area specific current densities
suggesting that the Pt is the active catalytic ingredient.
Introduction
Rotating (Ring) Disk Electrode (R(R)DE) experiments are commonly used to examine
the kinetic activities of fuel cell catalysts with well-defined mass-transport properties (1).
RRDE has been used as part of the screening process for potential catalyst candidates
deposited by combinatorial sputtering techniques (2, 3). In order to screen sputter-
deposited catalysts more effectively, the trends observed in the RRDE experiments
should reflect those observed in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
measurements of the same materials. Although the samples for RRDE testing and
PEMFC testing are prepared in the same sputtering run, the samples for RRDE are
prepared on polished glassy carbon (GC) discs, while the samples for PEMFC are
prepared on 3M's nanostructured thin-film support (NSTF) (4, 5). The resulting grain
size and surface area of the materials differ greatly. To overcome this difficulty, glassy
carbon discs, pre-coated with a layer of NSTF whiskers are proposed as the ideal support
for comparative RRDE experiments. In this paper, Pt and Pt-Ir alloys were sputter-
deposited on both mirror-polished GC disks and NSTF-coated GC disks. The ORR
activity of the disks was determined by RRDE. The results were then compared to
examine the contribution of the high surface area NSTF support to the overall catalytic
performance of different catalyst/support combinations. The aim is to allow RRDE
techniques to be used to screen catalysts sputter-deposited on high-surface area supports
more effectively.
ECS Transactions, 25 (1) 625-634 (2009)
10.1149/1.3210614 ©The Electrochemical Society
625
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