Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of In�ammation Volume 2013, Article ID 169420, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169420 Research Article Interleukin-1-Beta and Dyslipidemic Syndrome as Major Risk Factors for Thrombotic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Oana Bădulescu, 1 Codruța Bădescu, 2 Manuela Ciocoiu, 1 and Magda Bădescu 1 1 Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Universităţii Street, No. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Universităţii Street, No. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania Correspondence should be addressed to Magda Bădescu; magda.badescu@gmail.com Received 20 September 2012; Revised 24 November 2012; Accepted 7 December 2012 Academic Editor: Fabrizio Montecucco Copyright © 2013 Oana Bădulescu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a known risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular disease. e aim of this study was to show that the connection between DM and other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, in�ammatory phenomena, or the development of certain vascular injuries, leads to a high frequency of thrombotic events in diabetic patients compared to the nondiabetic population. e study included one hundred eighty patients divided in the following groups: diabetic without ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM), diabetic with clinical or off- clinical (electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound) ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM + IC), and nondiabetic with ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (IC). We investigated the following parameters: von Willebrand Factor, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, interleukin-1-beta, protein C, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. e results achieved in our study have revealed the highest thrombotic risk among the groups of diabetic patients, which is in direct correlation with the high values of interleukin-1-beta and the modi�cations of lipid parameters, acknowledging the data in the literature, according to which hyperglycemia alters endothelial functions directly and indirectly by synthesis of growth factors and cytokines and generates metabolic disorders which would explain the high risk for thrombotic events. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus, a disorder with a thrombophilic potential, became an endemic pathology worldwide, alarming not only because of its high incidence, but also because of its serious complications that lead to very costly medical assistance and even death. Numerous clinical observations [1] empha- sized the frequent association of high blood pressure, DM, hyperlipidemia, and thrombotic complications, association that is likely to have a common pathogenesis-in�ammatory endotheliopathy. Hyperglycemia may cause vessel damage through the following pathways: advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and sorbitol accumulation by way of the polyol pathway [2]. ese path- ways could be linked by an increased production of super- oxide anions [3]. e hyperglycemia induced by increased oxidative stress and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation increases the activation of transcription factor-jB (NF-jB) in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. is transcription factor regulates the expression of the genes encoding a number of mediators of atherogenesis such as leukocyte-cell adhesion molecules and chemoattractant proteins that recruit lymphocytes and monocytes into the vascular wall. Activation of the NF- jB pathway may also cause a switch of the endothelial functions toward a prothrombotic condition that, together with an altered platelet metabolism and intraplatelet signaling