The diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)
has become increasingly common and is caused by
increased physician awareness as well as improved
imaging techniques.
1
More than 40,000 procedures are
performed each year in the United States,
2
resulting in
an annual incidence of more than 35 procedures per
100,000 population.
3
At an estimated cost of $25,000
per procedure,
4
more than $1 billion is spent each year
in the United States on AAA repair. As AAA repair has
become more common, it has also become safer, with
average mortality rates now ranging from 4.8% to
6.8%.
5-8
However, AAA repair is still associated with
significant perioperative morbidity and mortality,
5,7,9,10
and more than 80% of perioperative complications are
associated with coronary artery disease.
5
Patients with
perioperative complications often have exorbitant in-
hospital costs. Although a number of studies have
examined the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes
associated with AAA repair,
7,11-13
few of these studies
have examined the impact of perioperative events on
in-hospital cost. Thus the objective of this study was to
examine the correlates of in-hospital cost among
patients undergoing AAA repair.
Methods
Study patients
We examined a retrospective cohort of 71 patients who
underwent AAA repair at the Cleveland Clinic over a 1-year
period (December 1993 to December 1994). Most patients
were referred for elective surgical repair; however, a small
number of patients required urgent or emergent procedures
because of a ruptured aneurysm or an acute dissection.
Patients were identified through the Transition Systems Inc.
(TSI) database (Boston, Mass.) at the Cleveland Clinic.
14
This
system maintains cost data on all patients admitted to the
Cleveland Clinic, and it allows for the identification of
patients by diagnostic-related groups.
Outcomes, Health Policy, and Managed Care
Correlates of in-hospital cost among patients
undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Bruno S. Benzaquen, MD, Mark J. Eisenberg, MD, MPH, Ram Challapalli, MD, Thanh Nguyen, DO, Kimberly J.
Brown, RN, and Eric J. Topol, MD Cleveland, Ohio, and Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Background Surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is increasingly being performed, but little is known
about the correlates of in-hospital cost associated with this procedure.
Methods and Results Baseline clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and total in-hospital costs were exam-
ined among a retrospective cohort of 71 patients who underwent AAA repair. Median age was 68 years, and 75% of the
patients were men. High-risk characteristics for perioperative complications were common and included hypertension (73%),
documented coronary artery disease (66%), smoking (60%), previous myocardial infarction (47%), history of congestive
heart failure (12%), urgent or emergent AAA repair (16%), and diabetes mellitus (11%). Perioperative complications
included congestive heart failure (13%), myocardial infarction (11%), and death (1%). Median length of stay in the surgical
intensive care unit (SICU) was 2 days (range 0 to 28), and median in-hospital stay was 9 days (range 5 to 39). In-hospital
cost for the 71 patients ranged from $13,766 to $82,435 (mean $25,931, median $21,633). Univariate and multiple lin-
ear regression analyses demonstrated that among the potential correlates investigated, number of SICU days (P = .007) and
total length of stay (P < .0001) were the most closely associated with in-hospital cost.
Conclusions Among patients undergoing AAA repair, the major correlates of in-hospital cost are the number of days
spent in the SICU and the total number of days spent in the hospital. These results suggest that any intervention that reduces
length of stay may significantly reduce the total in-hospital cost associated with AAA repair. (Am Heart J 1998;136:696-702.)
From the Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and the Divisions
of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital.
Submitted Sept. 27, 1997; accepted Feb. 26, 1998.
Reprint requests: Mark J. Eisenberg, MD, MPH, Division of Clinical Epidemiology,
Suite A-120, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine
Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
Copyright © 1998 by Mosby, Inc.
0002-8703/98/$5.00 + 0 4/1/90603