Research in Nursing & Health, 2007, 30, 282–296 A Comparison of Research Utilization Among Nurses Working in Canadian Civilian and United States Army Healthcare Settings Carole A. Estabrooks, 1 * Deborah J. Kenny, 2 ** Adeniyi J. Adewale, 3{ Greta G. Cummings, 1z Anastasia A. Mallidou 4§ 1 Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 2 Tri Service Nursing Research Program, Bethesda, MD 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4 Children’s Hospital ‘‘Agia Sophia’’, Athens, Greece Accepted 18 November 2006 Abstract: Researchers and theorists working in the field of knowledge translation point to the importance of organizational context in influencing research utilization. The study purpose was to compare research utilization in two different healthcare contexts—Canadian civilian and United States (US) Army settings. Contrary to the investigators’ expectations, research utiliza- tion scores were lower in US Army settings, after controlling for potential predictors. In-service attendance, library access, belief suspension, gender, and years of experience interacted significantly with the setting (military or civilian) for research utilization. Predictors of research utilization common to both settings were attitude and belief suspension. Predictors in the US Army setting were trust and years of experience, and in the Canadian civilian Contract grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Contract grant sponsor: TriService Nursing Research Program. Contract grant sponsor: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Contract grant sponsor: Hellenic State Scholarships Foundation (IKY). Correspondence to Carole A. Estabrooks, Faculty of Nursing, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3 This research was sponsored in part by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. *Professor & Canada Research Chair. **Executive Director. { Postdoctoral Fellow, Biostatistics. z Assistant Professor, CIHR New Investigator/AHFMR Population Health Investi- gator. § Vice Chief Executive Officer. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/nur.20218 ß 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.