Estimation of cortical activity from noninvasive high-resolution EEG recordings Donatella Mattia a , Marco Mattiocco a , Alessandro Timperi a , Serenella Salinari b , Maria Grazia Marciani a,c , Fabio Babiloni d, * , Cincotti Febo a a Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy b Department of Computer and Systems Science, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Rome, Italy c Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy d Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether the use of the cortical activity estimated from noninvasive EEG recordings could be useful to detect mental states related to the imagination of limb movements. Estimation of cortical activity was performed on high-resolution EEG data related to the imagination of limb movements gathered in five normal, healthy subjects by using realistic head models. Cortical activity was estimated in region of interest (ROI) associated with the subject’s Brodmann areas (BAs) by using depth-weighted minimum norm solutions. Comparisons between surface recorded EEG and the estimated cortical activity were performed. The estimated cortical activity related to the mental imagery of limbs in the five subjects is located mainly over the contralateral primary motor area. The unbalance between brain activity estimated in contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortical areas relative to the finger movement imagination is greater than those obtained in the scalp EEG recordings. Results suggest that the use of the estimated cortical activity for the motor imagery of upper limbs could be potentially superior with respect to the use of surface EEG recordings. This is due to a greater statistically significant unbalance between the activity estimated in the contralateral and ipsilateral hemisphere with respect to those observed with surface EEG. These results are useful in the context of the development of a noninvasive Brain Computer Interface. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Brain Computer Interface; High-resolution EEG; Imagination of movements 1. Introduction Recently, it has been suggested that, with the use of modern high À resolution EEG technologies [1], it could be possible to estimate the cortical activity associated with the mental imagery of upper limb movements in humans [2]. However, a verification of such 0531-5131/ D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.04.023 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-649910317; fax: +39-6499103917. E-mail address: Fabio.Babiloni@uniroma1.it (F. Babiloni). www.ics-elsevier.com International Congress Series 1270 (2004) 245 – 248