Food Sci. Biotechnol. 20(1): 1-6 (2011)
DOI 10.1007/s10068-011-0001-1
Quality of Chilled Ready-to-Bake Pizza Stored in Air and under
Modified Atmospheres: Microbiological and Sensory Attributes
Preeti Singh, Ali Abas Wani, and G. K. Goyal
Received: 10 February 2010 / Revised: 23 July 2010 / Accepted: 19 August 2010 / Published Online: 28 February 2011
© KoSFoST and Springer 2011
Abstract Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) studies
on microbiological and sensory analysis were conducted to
extend the shelf life of ready-to-bake pizza stored at 7±1ºC.
The gas combinations used were: atm1: air (control), atm2:
CO
2
(100%), atm3: N
2
(100%), atm4: 50% CO
2
/50% N
2
.
Total plate count (TPC), yeasts/molds (Y/M), coliforms,
lactic acid bacteria (LAB), psychrotrophs, and anaerobic
spore formers were estimated at time intervals of 0, 5, 10,
15, and 20 days. TPC and LAB of pizza samples (atm1)
reached 7.10 and 8.14 log CFU/g after 10 days of storage,
respectively. Coliforms, psychrotrophs, and Y/M were
significantly higher (p<0.05) for pizza samples stored in
atm1 than other storage conditions of MAP. Finally, counts
of anaerobic spore formers were low (<3 log CFU/g)
irrespective of the packaging conditions throughout the
entire storage period. It was concluded that among the 4
atmospheres examined, atm2 (100% CO
2
) was the best,
followed by atm4>atm3>atm1 respectively, in descending
order. MAP conditions under this study may extend shelf
life of pizza to considerable amount of time.
Keywords: modified atmosphere packaging, pizza, micro-
biological quality, sensory evaluation, shelf life
Introduction
Changes in lifestyle, distribution patterns and the demand
for increased food quality by the consumers have resulted
in a desire to improve the shelf life of food products.
Bakery products are widely consumed and therefore
specifically defined requirements, for their quality
characteristics, have been established. Their shelf life is
mainly limited by microbial spoilage and staling (1).
Recently, in order to achieve longer shelf life for bakery
products, refrigerated conditions were employed to pre-
baked or not baked dough, as well as new packaging
technologies were developed and investigated (2).
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of food to extend
its shelf life has been the subject of many investigations in
recent years and studied exhaustively by various researchers.
The technique involves packaging of the food product
under the atmosphere of various combinations of gases
such as carbon dioxide (CO
2
), nitrogen (N
2
), carbon
monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO
2
), etc; the most
commonly used and perhaps the most effective being CO
2
with or without other gases (3).
MAP technology has been particularly effective in
chilled, short shelf life low-acid foods, especially minimally
processed and highly perishable or semi-perishable foods
(4). A high microbial load and storage temperatures higher
than recommended for particular food can reduce the shelf
life of a product by 50-70%. The elevated CO
2
levels can
extends the lag phase of bacterial growth and slows the
propagation of bacteria, while low O
2
favors mesophilic
microbes such as Listeria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
(5). It has been observed that 20-30% CO
2
or even 10%
CO
2
level was effective to retard the bacterial growth (3)
and higher levels of CO
2
were found to be more effective
in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica.
Preeti Singh ( )
Chair of Food Packaging, Technical University of Munich, 85354
Freising, Germany
Tel: +49-8161-491212; Fax: +49-8161-491505
E-mail: preeti_ndri@rediffmail.com
Ali Abas Wani
Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science &
Technology, 1-Avenue University, P.O. Box. 1418, GPO Srinagar,
Awantipora, J&K, India
G. K. Goyal
Food Packaging Lab, Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy
Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), 132001, India
RESEARCH ARTICLE