0026-2617/04/7301- © 2004 åÄIä “Nauka /Interperiodica” 0079
Microbiology, Vol. 73, No. 1, 2004, pp. 79–83. Translated from Mikrobiologiya, Vol. 73, No. 1, 2004, pp. 94–98.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Polyanskaya, Tolstikhina, Kochkina, Ivanushkina, Ozerskaya, Vedina, Zvyagintsev.
Strains of the genus Trichoderma are widely applied
in agriculture to control the development of pathogenic
fungi in soil, rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and on seeds of
various plants [1]; their application is also recom-
mended for the protection of harvested crops [2–5]. The
efficient employment of live microbial preparations
depends on the ability of the introduced microorgan-
isms to actively colonize the substrate. Conidia of fungi
belonging to the genus Trichoderma are highly suitable
for the production of dry preparations; however, it is
necessary to know the conditions for conidium germi-
nation in nature. The effect of environmental factors on
the behavior of microbial populations has been exten-
sively studied; it was shown that of particular ecologi-
cal importance are intrapopulational interactions. Data
have been published demonstrating the role of autoreg-
ulation in the activation of resting forms of microorgan-
isms [6, 7].
The aim of this work was to elucidate the intrapop-
ulational regulation of conidium germination in differ-
ent strains of the genus Trichoderma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The micromycete strains were isolated from the
rhizospheres of roses (Grand Gala, Royal Velvet, and
Dallas varieties). The four strains used in this work
were typical representatives of the genus Trichoderma
(table).
To obtain conidia, micromycetes were cultivated on
Czapek agar with sucrose (2%) at 26°ë for 7 days;
conidia were washed off of the agar, centrifuged,
washed thrice, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment on
an UZDN-1 disintegrator at 22 kHz and 0.44 A for 30 s
to obtain a suspension of single spores. Viability of the
EXPERIMENTAL
ARTICLES
Autoregulation of Conidium Germination
in Micromycetes of the genus Trichoderma
L. M. Polyanskaya*, T. E. Tolstikhina*, G. A. Kochkina**,
N. E. Ivanushkina**, S. M. Ozerskaya**,
O.T. Vedina***, and D. G. Zvyagintsev*
*Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119899 Russia
**Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290 Russia
***Baicor, L.C., Logan, Utah, United States
Received July 29, 2002
Abstract—The amount of germinated conidia of micromycetes belonging to the genus Trichoderma consider-
ably decreased with an increase in the population density. Strains exhibited different ecological strategies. The
maximum number of germinated conidia (30–70%) was recorded when the average distance between conidia
was 50 μm.
Key words: micromycetes, conidia.
Strains tested
Strain Species Author
Isolation source
Rose variety Anatomic part
FW826
Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai 1969 Grand Gala Rhizosphere
FW829 T. longibrachiatum Rifai 1969 Dallas Rhizoplane
FW827 T. harzianum Rifai 1969 Royal Velvet Dead root
FW828 T. harzianum Rifai 1969 Dallas Internal part of root