International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2395-3152 Volume: 02, Issue: 02 (MAR-APR, 2016) 269 Comparison of Routing Protocols with Performance Parameters for Different Number of Nodes Rajeev Kumar, Rishi Kushwah, Kailash Patidar Computer Science & Engineering Department Sri Satya Sai Institute of Science and Technology, Sehore India Abstract—a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self- starting dynamic network comprising of mobile nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. MANET is infrastructure less and can be set up anytime, anywhere. This paper presents the study of protocol properties of MANET routing protocols and analyzed them with respect to different number of nodes. The routing protocols considered in this study are Bellman- Ford, DSR and WRP. The study among these routing protocols are based on protocol property parameters such as End-to-End Delay, Packet delivery ratio, Drop Ratio and Normalized Routing Load (NRL) with respect to different number of nodes. After the simulation we have observe that Bellman-Ford and WRP has lower delay in comparison to DSR. DSR has higher delivery ratio and lower drop ratio in comparison to Bellman-ford and WRP. DSR and Bellman- Ford has lower (better) routing overhead WRP. Keyword: - Delay, DSR, Mobile Ad-hoc Network, NRL, PDR, WRP. I. INTRODUCTION A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links, to form an arbitrary topology. The nodes are free to move randomly. Thus the network's wireless topology may be unpredictable and may change rapidly. Minimal configuration, quick deployment and absence of a central governing authority make ad hoc networks suitable for emergency situations like natural disasters, military conflicts, emergency medical situations etc. Many previous studies have used Random Waypoint as reference model. However, in future MANETs are expected to be used in various applications with diverse topography and node configuration. Widely varying mobility characteristics are expected to have a significant impact on the performance of the routing protocols like Bellman-Ford, DSR and WRP. The overall performance of any wireless protocol depends on the duration of interconnections between any two nodes transferring data as well on the duration of interconnections between nodes of a data path containing n-nodes. We will call these parameters averaged over entire network as “Average Connected Paths”. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically establishes the network in the absence of fixed infrastructure. One of the distinctive features of MANET is each node must be able to act as a router to find out the optimal path to forward a packet. As nodes may be mobile, entering and leaving the network, the topology of the network will change continuously. MANET provides an emerging technology for civilian and military applications. Figure 1 Relationship between protocol performance and mobility model A fundamental problem in ad hoc networking is routing i.e. how to deliver data packets among mobile nodes efficiently without predetermined topology or centralized control, which is the main objective of ad hoc routing protocols. Since mobile ad hoc networks change their topology frequently, routing in such networks is a challenging task. Moreover, bandwidth, energy and physical security are limited. MANETs are autonomous and decentralized wireless systems. Nodes are the systems or devices i.e. mobile phone, laptop, personal digital assistance, MP3 player and personal computer that are participating in the network and are mobile. They can form arbitrary topologies depending on their connectivity with each other in the network. These nodes have the ability to configure themselves and because of their self-configuration ability, they can be deployed urgently without the need of any infrastructure. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has MANET working group (WG) that is devoted for developing IP routing protocols. Routing protocols is one of the challenging and interesting research areas for researchers. Many routing protocols have been developed for MANETs. The Mobile ad-hoc network is characterized by energy constrained nodes [3], bandwidth constrained links and dynamic topology. One of the important research areas in MANET is establishing and maintaining the ad hoc network through the use of routing protocols. Though there are so many reactive routing protocols available, in this paper we consider Bellman-Ford, DSR and WRP for performance comparisons due to its familiarity among all other protocols. These protocols are analyzed based on the important metrics such as End-to-End Delay, Packet delivery ratio, Drop Ratio