1202 Accepted by R. Raven: 11 Apr. 2006; published: 15 May 2006 33 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 1202: 33–37 (2006) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ A new species of Neocteniza Pocock 1895 (Araneae, Idiopidae) from Brazil ROGÉRIO BERTANI 1 , CAROLINE SAYURI FUKUSHIMA 1,2 & ROBERTO HIROAKI NAGAHAMA 1 1 Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan. Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo-SP, Bra- zil. E-mail: rbert@butantan.gov.br , rhiroakin@butantan.gov.br 2 Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, CEP 05422-970, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. E-mail: carolsayuri@butantan.gov.br Abstract Neocteniza myriamae n. sp. is newly described from Brazil. This species belongs to the australis group, which contains species with a small apical hematodocha on the male palpal bulb, with a thicker embolus, and without an apophysis on the apical sclerite. The new species is distinguished from N. australis and N. toba by the male embolus, which is thicker in its middle portion. From N. chancani, it can be distinguished by the larger size, elongated femur I, and especially by the presence of one conical keel and two parallel, well-developed keels on the apical half of the embolus. Key words: taxonomy, systematics, Mygalomorphae, Brazil Introduction Neocteniza Pocock, 1895 is a poorly known idiopid mygalomorph genus. It can be recognized by the combined presence of two rows of eyes, a rastellum, a T-shaped thoracic groove, and a male palpal bulb with separated apical sclerites and a well-developed medial hematodocha (Goloboff 1987). The genus was established by Pocock (1895) with the description of Neocteniza sclateri, based on a female from Guyana. Another species, Neocteniza mexicana from Guatemala, was described two years later by F. O. P.- Cambridge (1897). That author also assigned the genus to the family Actinopodidae, a placement followed by Simon (1903). No contributions to the genus were made until Platnick and Shadab (1976) described five more species, including the first known male: Neocteniza pococki, from Venezuela; Neocteniza fantastica from Colombia; Neocteniza