A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETT a, *, Manfred BINDER a , Joseph F. BISCHOFF b , Meredith BLACKWELL c , Paul F. CANNON d , Ove E. ERIKSSON e , Sabine HUHNDORF f , Timothy JAMES g , Paul M. KIRK d , Robert LU ¨ CKING f , H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH f , Franc ¸ois LUTZONI g , P. Brandon MATHENY a , David J. MCLAUGHLIN h , Martha J. POWELL i , Scott REDHEAD j , Conrad L. SCHOCH k , Joseph W. SPATAFORA k , Joost A. STALPERS l , Rytas VILGALYS g , M. Catherine AIME m , Andre ´ APTROOT n , Robert BAUER o , Dominik BEGEROW p , Gerald L. BENNY q , Lisa A. CASTLEBURY m , Pedro W. CROUS l , Yu-Cheng DAI r , Walter GAMS l , David M. GEISER s , Gareth W. GRIFFITH t , Ce ´cile GUEIDAN g , David L. HAWKSWORTH u , Geir HESTMARK v , Kentaro HOSAKA w , Richard A. HUMBER x , Kevin D. HYDE y , Joseph E. IRONSIDE t , Urmas KO ˜ LJALG z , Cletus P. KURTZMAN aa , Karl-Henrik LARSSON ab , Robert LICHTWARDT ac , Joyce LONGCORE ad , Jolanta MIA ˛ DLIKOWSKA g , Andrew MILLER ae , Jean-Marc MONCALVO af , Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE ag , Franz OBERWINKLER o , Erast PARMASTO ah , Vale ´rie REEB g , Jack D. ROGERS ai , Claude ROUX aj , Leif RYVARDEN ak , Jose ´ Paulo SAMPAIO al , Arthur SCHU ¨ ßLER am , Junta SUGIYAMA an , R. Greg THORN ao , Leif TIBELL ap , Wendy A. UNTEREINER aq , Christopher WALKER ar , Zheng WANG a , Alex WEIR as , Michael WEISS o , Merlin M. WHITE at , Katarina WINKA e , Yi-Jian YAO au , Ning ZHANG av a Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA b National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-6510, USA c Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA d CABI UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK e Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea ˚ University, SE-901 87 Umea ˚, Sweden f Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA g Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA h Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA i Department of Biological Sciences, Box 870344/319 Biology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA j ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, CEF, Neatby Building, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada k Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA l Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands m USDA ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Bldg 011A Rm 319 BARC-WEST, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA n ABL Herbarium, Gerrit van der Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands o Botanical Institute, University of Tu ¨ bingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tu ¨ bingen, Germany p Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany q Department of Plant Pathology, 1453 Fifield Hall, Hull Road, P.O. Box 110680, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611-0680, USA r Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China s Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA t Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK u Departamento de Biologı´a Vegetale II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramo ´n y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain * Corresponding author. E-mail address: dhibbett@clarku.edu (D. S. Hibbett). available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 0953-7562/$ – see front matter ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004