RESEARCH
HERD VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, PP 104-00 COPYRIGHT ©2012 VENDOME GROUP, LLC
104 WWW.HERDJOURNAL.COM ISSN: 1937-5867
The Environment of Inpatient Healthcare
Delivery and Its Influence on the
Outcome of Care
Margaret O’Connor, DN; Anthony O’Brien, PhD; Melissa Bloomer, MN(Hons); Julia Morphett,
MN(Ed); Louise Peters, PhD; Helen Hall, MMid; Arlene Parry, MEd; Katrina Recoche, MN; Susan
Lee, PhD; and Ian Munro, PhD
Abstract
Aim: This paper addresses issues arising in the literature
regarding the environmental design of inpatient healthcare
settings and their impact on care.
Background: Environmental design in healthcare settings
is an important feature of the holistic delivery of health-
care. The environmental influence of the delivery of care is
manifested by such things as lighting, proximity to bedside,
technology, family involvement, and space. The need to
respond rapidly in places such as emergency and intensive
care can override space needs for family support. In some
settings with aging buildings, the available space is no
longer appropriate to the needs—for example, the need for
privacy in emergency departments. Many aspects of care
have changed over the last three decades and the environ-
ment of care appears not to have been adapted to contem-
porary healthcare requirements nor involved consumers
in ascertaining environmental requirements. The issues
found in the literature are addressed under five themes: the
design of physical space, family needs, privacy consider-
ations, the impact of technology, and patient safety.
Conclusion: There is a need for greater input into the
design of healthcare spaces from those who use them, to
incorporate dignified and expedient care delivery in the
care of the person and to meet the needs of family.
Key Words: Environment, space, healthcare, design,
quality
Author Affiliations: All authors are affiliated with the School of Nurs-
ing & Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Margaret O’Connor, Monash University,
PO Box 527 Frankston, 3199 Victoria AUSTRALIA (margaret.oconnor@
monash.edu)
Preferred Citation: O’Connor, M., O’Brien, A., Bloomer, M., Morphett,
J., Peters, L., Hall, H., … Munro, I. (2012). The environment of inpatient
healthcare delivery and its influence on the outcome of care. Health
Environments Research & Design Journal, 6(1), 105–117.
Introduction
In Australia and internationally, modern hospitals
are characterized by highly sophisticated design
and the ever-increasing technical nature of
therapeutic care (Ritchey & Stichler, 2008).
Within hospitals and health services, the design
of the environment can have a positive or
negative impact on patient and family care and
treatment outcomes. Evidence suggests that
the design of spaces for people requiring care,
including orientation, color, and décor, can
inluence the psychosocial well-being of both
patients and families as well as health outcomes
(Corey, Wallace, Harris, & Casey, 1986; Duncan,
2011; Karlin & Zeiss, 2006; Stichler, 2001). he
healthcare environments of inpatient care vary
considerably between settings, with some spaces