IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 38 REVIEW OF THE CRYOGENIC MACHINING IN TURNING AND MILLING PROCESS V.BALAJI 1 , S. Ravi 2 , P.Naveen Chandran 3 , K.M.Damodaran 4 1 Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Bharath Institute of Higher Education And Research ( BIHER ), Chennai, India. 2 Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sriram College of Engineering, Chennai, India. 3 Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education And Research ( BIHER ), Chennai, India. 4 Dean & Professor, Department of mechanical Engineering, Pallavan College of Engineering,Kanchipuram,India. Abstract Cryogenic Coolents are used in conventional machining in material removing process can increase tool life, better surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and reduce the cutting temp. Main objectives of this paper is to understand the cryogenic machining operations. Various research scholar has done the experimental investigation on the cryogenic coolants in different materials in turning and milling Process,. At the end of the review obsrved that cryogenic coolant is most favourable methods for material cutting operations in various aspects for future research is proposed. Key Words: Cryogenic coolents and Machining, Literature Review, cryogenic LN 2 Setup, cryogenic CO 2 Setup, --------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.INTRODUCTION Previous Research Scholar have proved that the most of the energy consumed in machining operation is converted to heat.Many problems that occur in machining are due to heat generated and the high temperature caused by it.so proper selection of cutting fluid is particularly important, because it could affect the tool life, cutting forces, power consumption, machining accuracy, surface finish etc., It is very important to apply the cutting fluids to reduce the friction, and remove the heat as early as possible. There are different types of machining environments, They are; 1. Dry machining 2. Flood/Wet cooling 3. Minimal Quantities Lubricant 4. High pressure cooling 5. Chilled air cooling 1.1 Dry Machining Dry cutting is where the coolant is not used for the metal cutting processes The advantages of dry machining include non-pollution of the atmosphere (or water) no residue on the swarf, which will be reflected in reduced disposal and cleaning costs; no danger to health; no injuries to the skin and allergy free.so dry machining is always the best way to sustainability. 1.2 Flood/Wet Cooling It provides the machining operation with a good level of lubrication, cooling and chip removal. Generally, soluble oil is used in the cutting zone by flooding. The functions of cutting fluids are, 1. Increased tool life 2. Improved surface finish 3. Improved tolerance 4. Reduction in the cutting force 5. Reduction in the vibration 1.3 Minimal Quantities Lubricant(MQL) Minimum quantity of lubrication consists of a mixture of compressed air and oil droplets to the chip – tool interface The advantages of MQL significantly improve the tool life and surface finish compared to the conventional flood coolant and dry machining 1.4 High pressure cooling High pressure cooling involves the use of a high pressure jet of soluble oil in the cutting zone 1.5 Chilled Air Cooling In the cold compressed air environment, a air gun with a nozzle is used to direct cold air generated by the air gun to the tool chip interface. With the applications of chilled air cooling during machining, the tool life and surface finish are improved 2. CRYOGENIC COLLENTS AND CRYOGENIC MACHINING The application of cryogenic coolents in machining was carried out in the year 1950s.cryogenic cooling is used for effective and fast removal of heat generated during the cutting operations and is used for almost almost all types of material Cryogenics is the science of very low temperature 100K (-173°C) and absolute zero (0K or - 273°C).Cryogenics has been derived from two Greek words, namely ‘cryos’ and ‘genes’,since ‘cryos’ means ice cold and ‘genes’ means born.today cryogenics deals eith temperatures below -153°C or lower. Various cryogenic coolants such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon,